Full text of "Eckerd College General Catalog 1988-90"

ECKERD COLLEGE

^l^^^h 1988-90

ST, PETERSBURG, FLORIDA

The Trumpet Triton shell, Charonia tritonis
Linne, is a fitting symbol for the waterfront
home of the Eckerd College Tritons

CONTENTS

Introduction Page 1

Commitments of Eckerd College 2

Academic Program 5

Descriptions of Courses and Majors .... 25
Autumn Term and Winter Term .... 92

Campus and Student Life 93

Admission 98

Financial Aid 101

Expenses 109

Faculty 114

Administration 117

Board of Trustees 118

Index 120

Calendar of Events 122

Correspondence Directory 127

AN INTRODUCTION

Eckerd College, a coeducational college of the
liberal arts and sciences, awards the Bachelor
of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees. It is
related by covenant to the Presbyterian Church
(U.S.A.), and fully accredited by the Southern
Association of Colleges and Schools. The cam-
pus is located on 267 acres of tropical water-
front property in a suburban area of St.
Petersburg, Florida.

The school was founded in 1958 as Florida
Presbyterian College, and admitted its first
students in 1960. In 1972 the college's name
was changed to honor Jack M. Eckerd, a prom-
inent Florida civic leader and business man
whose gifts and commitments to the institution
have helped to insure its continuing excellence.
More than 4,000 graduates are seeking to lead
Lives of leadership and service in communities
throughout the world.

ECKERD COLLEGE
BASIC COMMITMENTS

This catalog is designed to give a comprehen-
sive picture of Eckerd College. We are proud
of what we have achieved, and welcome the
reader to join us in an exciting and continuing
educational adventure. As you read this doc-
ument, you should be aware of certain basic
commitments that have guided the college's
history and planning. These commitments
and the efforts to achieve them have enabled
Eckerd College to be distinctive among the
3,000 colleges and universities in the United
States.

THE COMMITMENT TO
INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT

The primary purpose of the educational pro-
gram is to foster the personal development of
each student. We seek to prepare students for
the basic responsibilities of life, and especially
for competent, humane leadership and ser-
vice. We are vitally concerned with the de-
velopment of whole persons, and therefore
encourage the intellectual, spiritual, cultural,
social, emotional and physical growth of each
student. While education is a lifelong process,
the Eckerd experience is designed to assist
students to go beyond the limitations imposed
by ignorance, narrowness, conformity, self-
centeredness, and irresponsibility. Our aims
are to help individuals achieve excellence in
thought and conduct; and to spark their imag-
ination about future possibilities.

THE COMMITMENT TO
CHRISTIAN VALUES

Eckerd College seeks to combine the Christian
faith and liberal education in the belief that a
Christian college is better able to contribute to
individual development than any other type of
college. To give focus to its Christian com-
mitment, the college maintains an active cov-
enant relationship with the Presbyterian
Church, (U.S.A.); however, the college com-
munity is not narrowly sectarian. It includes
among its faculty, students and staff individ-
uals of many denominations, faiths and points
of view.

As a church-related college community, we
seek to give the Christian faith a full hearing in
a setting where students are free to accept or
reject, but not ignore it. Confident in the behef
that all truth is of God, we seek to develop an

atmosphere of free and open inquiry into all
aspects of faith and knowledge. Our aim is to
assist students to clarify their beliefs, assess
their values, and learn to act responsibly on
the basis of their convictions.

THE COMMITMENT OF
FACULTY TO STUDENTS

The relatively small size of the E ckerd student
body allows numerous opportunities for close
personal relationships between students and
faculty. Each Eckerd student has a faculty
academic adviser, known as a "Mentor," who
seeks to facilitate the total growth of students
and helps them to get the most out of their
college years.

Because the faculty is committed to the pri-
mary importance of teaching, it has developed
a reputation for excellence in the teaching of
undergraduates. Many Eckerd College faculty
members are engaged in primary scholarship
and artistic creativity and wherever possible
seek to involve students in these enterprises.
The intention of the faculty is to provide an
educational environment characterized by high
expectation, personal attention and enthusi-
asm for learning.

THE COMMITMENT TO
GENERAL EDUCATION

While Eckerd College is committed to helping
students develop competence in a specific field
of study, it is equally committed to general
education.

The general education program is designed to
provide a foundation for lifelong learning by
helping students to develop a love for learning,
acquire an informed awareness of the major
elements of their cultural heritage, explore
various perspectives on the central concerns
of human existence, assume increased respon-
sibility for their own growth, and master the
skills that are necessary to understand and
deal with a rapidly changing and increasingly
complex world.

The general education program for entering
Freshmen is made up of the autumn term pro-
ject, composition, computation, foreign lan-
guage, and the Western Heritage sequence in
the first year; one course in each of four value-
oriented perspectives in the second and third
year; and a course in the Judaeo-Christian
perspective and an integrating issue-oriented
seminar in the Senior year.

THE COMMITMENT TO THE
INTEGRATION OF LIBERAL ARTS
AND CAREER PREPARATION

The commitment to individual development
includes a commitment to helping students pre-
pare themselves for a vocation. Through more
than thirty formal majors and pre-professional
programs, opportunities are available to develop
the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary
for successful careers. In addition, through
independent study and individually designed
areas of concentration, students are encour-
aged to supplement and adapt the formal
curriculum to their particular interests and
aspirations.

The college recognizes that significant learning
can occur in a variety of settings. Internships,
jobs, and other off-campus learning experi-
ences both in this country and abroad enable
students to integrate theory and practice, and
help them to clarify their values and career
choices. Because they are committed to a par-
ticipatory educational process, faculty engage
students in the learning of science, theatre,
management and other disciplines by doing.

The aim is to assist each student to become a
self-directed, competent, humane person cap-
able of making a significant contribution to
society.

THE COMMITMENT TO HUMAN
RELATIONSHIPS IN COMMUNITY

There is a rich diversity among Eckerd Col-
lege students which is educationally desirable.
Students come to campus from more than 40
states and 30 foreign countries. They enroll
from urban, suburban and rural areas; from
developed and developing countries; and from
a variety of cultural, ethnic and religious back-
grounds. The cosmopolitan nature of the
Eckerd campus enriches the total educational
experience as students learn from each other.

Built upon this diversity is a sense of com-
munity based upon common objectives, con-
cerns and experiences. Academic interests
provide the basis for a sense of community,
which is enhanced by worship, student activ-
ities, athletic events, concerts, lectures and
other opportunities for shared experiences.
Because most students reside on campus, they
have the enriched experiences that occur when
people are learning both how to learn and how
to live together.

THE COMMITMENT TO BE A
PACE-SETTING INSTITUTION

Eckerd College is nationally knovm for pio-
neering new programs designed to deal directly
with the varying needs of college students. It

has shown the will to improve education, and
the vision and courage to take steps that will
facilitate the growth of students. Many of its
programs of interdisciplinary study, indepen-
dent study, international education, values
inquiry, and student orientation and advising
have become models for other educational
institutions. Within the context of its objectives
as a church-related college of the liberal arts
and sciences, it continues to seek better ways
of meeting its commitments.

A SHARED COMMITMENT

Every student upon entering Eckerd College
is asked to sign a promise to uphold the follow-
ing statement of Shared Commitment:

The choice to join the community of scholars
of Eckerd College commits each student to
the essential values and standards embodied
in the mission and objectives of this church-
related college of liberal arts and sciences.
Inherent in this commitment is the respon-
sibility:

1. To use one's abilities and opportunities to
pursue personal and academic growth and
excellence.

2 . To exercise humanity and respect for human
dignity in attitudes and relationships.

3. To conduct oneself with integrity and re-
sponsibility in academic work and as a citizen
of the college community.

4. To respect the rights and property of other
students and their need for an environment
conducive to scholarly work.

5. To respect the rights and property of Eckerd
College and to protect its reputation as a
college of distinction with a student body of
high quahty.

6. To respect and learn from human differences
and diversity of ideas and opinions.

7. To seek out opportunities for leadership
and service in preparation for a life of com-
petent giving.

Each student's commitment to these ideals
obligates that student to abide by and uphold
all college regulations concerning student
behavior and to work with other students to
prevent the following behaviors, which most
seriously threaten the freedom and respect
that Eckerd students enjoy:

1. Academic dishonesty

2. Chronic interference with the right to study

3. Willful destruction of property

4. Theft

5. Personal violence

6. Bigotry

7. Disruptive intoxication

Thus all students share a commitment of ex-
cellence and humanity and to the creation of a
college community in which they can take
pride.

THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM
AT ECKERD COLLEGE

Since Eckerd College (then known as Florida
Presbyterian College) opened its doors, it has
earned a reputation for creating new and better
opportunities for learning. Eckerd has been
consistently rated among the foremost of
American colleges and universities.

The college looks for superior methods of
educating its students, not in order to be dif-
ferent, but to offer a more rewarding and useful
educational experience.

For example, you have probably come across
such expressions as "4-1-4," "winterim," "mini-
term," "interim," or "winter term." (All of them
mean essentially the same thing: separating
the two terms of an academic year with a one-
month period of independent study.) The winter
term is an Eckerd College concept. This in-
novation was created and tested first on the
Eckerd College campus; then other colleges
found it so exciting that they adopted it.

Since the creation of the winter term in 1960,
Eckerd has discovered and implemented other
innovative ways of teaching. Perhaps the best
way of providing you with an understanding of
the Eckerd experience is to take you on a
"verbal tour" of the academic program.

THE MENTOR

Shortly after you have been accepted as an
Eckerd student, you will receive material about
selection of a Mentor. The original Mentor was
the guide and companion of Odysseus. As you
are, in a sense, embarking on your odyssey, it is
fitting that you have your own Mentor.

Throughout your career at Eckerd, you will
have continuing support and counsel from a
faculty Mentor, who is more than the conven-
tional faculty adviser. Mentors are faculty
members who have been specially trained to
help you in your academic program, career
planning, and personal growth. You choose
your own Mentor before you enter Eckerd,
from a descriptive list of Mentors and projects.
In your Freshman year you will take at least
one course from your Mentor, and together
you will work out the rest of your academic
program for the first academic year.

When you become an upperclass student, you
may choose a new Mentor — a specialist in
your area of academic concentration. The two
of you will continue to plan your academic

program, including independent and directed
studies, internships, off-campus programs,
work experience, career planning, foreign study,
and the many other options that Eckerd offers.

THE ACADEMIC CALENDAR

Eckerd College follows a modified 4-1-4 cal-
endar. The fall and spring semesters are fourteen
weeks in length, and are each followed by
examination periods. Courses during the sem-
ester are offered for the full fourteen weeks,
and ordinarily a full-time student will enroll
for four of these courses each semester.

The three-week autumn term for Freshmen
occurs prior to the beginning of the fall semester,
while the four week winter term (January) falls
between the two regular semesters. During
these shorter terms, students will enroll for no
more than one academic project at a time. This
format provides for independent investigation
of a topic in a concentrated manner.

THE AUTUMN TERM

As a Freshman, you will start your Eckerd
College experience in mid-August, when you
enroll for autumn term. In contrast to the usual
Freshman orientation of two or three days,
autumn term lasts three weeks. It is designed
for Freshmen only, and provides an intensive
foretaste of college living and academic work

During autumn term you wdU take one academic
project, for credit, from your Mentor. This
project is stimulating in content, teaches basic
academic skills, and focuses on the interdis-
ciplinary nature of learning. The course will
give you a clear idea of what is expected of you
at Eckerd. Autumn term provides an excellent
opportunity for certain kinds of interest and
competency testing that will allow you to begin
your academic program in courses that are
best suited to your current stage of develop-
ment.

You will also learn a great deal about living,
working and playing in a college community.
The student Resident Adviser in your residence
hall will be on hand during autumn term to
help you make the transition into college life.
In fact, the entire staff of the college and the
autumn term faculty will participate wath you
in periods of inquiry, reflection and fun. The

sense of community that develops will assist
you to take full advantage of the opportunities
and resources available on campus. By the
time the upperclass students return in Sep-
tember, you will be well established in campus
life.

For more information about autumn term see
page 91.

GENERAL EDUCATION

An important part of your studies throughout
your career at Eckerd College will be in general
education.

During your Freshman year you will take two
classwide interdiscipHnary courses called
Western Heritage I and II that will explore the
cultural riches of the past. Your discussion
sections in these courses will be led by your
Mentor. In addition you will be expected to
demonstrate writing competency by assembling
a portfolio of your collegiate writing for evalu-
ation by the faculty; take one college level
computation course or demonstrate compe-
tency by examination; and take one year of a
foreign language or demonstrate competency
at the first year level by examination.

During your Sophomore and Junior years you
will choose four courses, one from a list of
options in each of four broad perspectives on
human existence:the aesthetic, cross-cultural,
environmental and social relations. The courses
will be distributed over four collegia so as to
provide involvement with significantly different
modes of inquiry.

Seniors will take a course that will focus on
historical and contemporary issues from the
Judaeo- Christian perspective, and a senior
seminar focusing on the search for solutions to
important issues that they are likely to face
during their lifetimes.

WINTER TERM

Winter term is a special four-week period in
January that emphasizes independent study.
You may enroll in projects designed by pro-
fessors, or design your own with the sponsorship
of a professor.

All winter term projects must have academic
merit and are judged by rigorous standards. A
typical project requires you to select a subject,
gather information, organize it, and present it
as a paper, a short story, a painting, a perfor-
mance, or a piece of equipment. Freshmen
may take a winter term in addition to autumn
term, and substitute a fifth winter term for one
6

of the 32 courses required for graduation. The
winter term in the Senior year is usually spent
working on a comprehensive examination or
senior thesis or project required for completion
of a major.

Many colleges have followed Eckerd College's
example in adopting a winter term program,
making it possible to exchange students and to
increase the range of projects offered. Eckerd
College also cooperates with other 4-1-4 col-
leges in sponsoring winter term projects abroad
or in major cities and interesting locations in
the United States. Many winter term projects
include at least eight contact hours per week,
which meets the Veteran's Administration stan-
dards for full tuition benefits.

For more information about winter term see
page 91.

THE COLLEGIUM CONCEPT

During the past few years, educators have be-
come aware that the traditional division of
learning into academic "departments" is not
necessarily the best way to organize the edu-
cational process. Increasingly popular among
colleges is the interdisciplinary major, in which
the student combines courses from two or
more departments to form an individual aca-
demic program. At Eckerd, we have estabUshed
interdisciplinary "collegia," which encourage
new combinations of studies and demonstrate
the interrelatedness of knowledge.

The word "collegium" goes back to medieval
days, when it meant a fellowship of equals (i.e.;
persons communicating without artificial
obstacles to discourse) pursuing a common
objective (which in Eckerd's case is learning).
The word vividly describes what we are trying
to do: to bring you (the student) together with
a highly knowledgeable person (the professor)
in an atmosphere where you can debate freely,
challenge one another's viewpoints, learn to-
gether.

In a collegium, subjects are grouped according
to the intellectual discipline required to master
them. You learn mathematics and physics in
similar ways, for example; but you learn dance
differently, and a foreign language in still another
way.

Eckerd faculty members choose to affiliate
with a particular collegium, depending upon
their approach to their subject. You will do the
same. At the end of your Freshman year you
will focus upon a major or area of concentration
and affiliate with the collegium that best suits
your perception of that study.

Your concentration does not have to lie in a
single field, such as history or biology. You can
create your own concentration by combining
those studies that will help you achieve your
career or professional goal. For example, if you
wish to become an environmental economist,
you can combine economics and biology, thus
creating your own concentration to fit your
own goal. The collegium concept makes this
interdisciplinary approach to learning a natural
one that is easy to accomplish.

Eckerd sees the members of a collegium —
students and faculty alike — as partners in
learning. Professors bring high expectation to
the learning process; students are expected to
become independent learners and researchers,
able to take maximum advantage of their pro-
fessors' strong qualifications. Each collegium
has its own decision-making group, composed
of professors and students, which gives stu-
dents an important voice in the academic
decisions of the college.

THE FOUNDATIONS
COLLEGIUM

Eckerd College provides a special, perhaps
unique, program for all Freshmen through the
Foundations Collegium. This is the first-year
home for students, helping them to establish a
foundation for their upper-level studies. The
collegium's program includes four important
parts:

1. Autumn Term. Freshmen arrive in mid-
August to take a three-week course before the
opening of the fall semester early in September.

During this time, they also complete their testing,
orientation, and registration. Freshmen choose
from 18 projects limited to about 20 students
each. The professor for that course will be the
Mentor for those students.

2. The Mentorship. Eckerd College has ex-
panded the notion of the academic adviser to
allow more help, care, and encouragement to
its students. Each Freshman has a Mentor
from the faculty who helps to guide him or her
through the Freshman year.

3. Western Heritage. All freshmen are re-
quired to take Western Heritage I (fall) and
Western Heritage II (spring). These courses
explore central concepts and materials of
Western civilization and introduce Freshmen
to the themes of Eckerd College's general ed-
ucation program, the aesthetic, cross-cultural,
environmental, and social relations perspectives.
Western Heritage courses are interdisciplinary,
using lecture and discussion formats. The dis-
cussion sections are the same groups, with the
same instructor, as the autumn term groups.

4. Skills Development. Every student must
demonstrate proficiency, or take courses to
develop skills, in composition, computation
and foreign language. For more details see
page 14 under Degree Requirements, and under
Composition in the course listings. Foundations
also provides a Writing Center to assist stu-
dents with their writing.

At the end of the Freshman year, students
choose an upper-level collegium and a new
Mentor; any students still unsure of what to
choose can get help from the Foundations office
and/or Career Counseling.

THE UPPER DIVISION
COLLEGIA

THE COLLEGIUM OF
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE

Members of the Behavioral Science Collegium
believe that the urgent problems of today —
racism, environmental pollution, overpopula-
tion, world hunger and crime — are problems
of human behavior. Therefore, there is much
to be gained by developing methodological
and conceptual tools to better understand both
individual and collective behavior. Students
will take introductory courses in psychology or
sociology as well as a course in statistical
methods. In addition, courses are available in
the fields of economics, sociology, psychology,
management, poUtical science, business admin-
istration, finance, accounting and marketing.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
COMPARATIVE CULTURES

The Collegium of Comparative Cultures seeks
to promote an understanding of the breadth of
human cultural achievements through lan-
guages, area studies, and related disciplines.
The Collegium serves as both a window and a
gateway to the cultures of the world: a window
for those who learn in the classroom from pro-
fessors who have lived and studied in other
cultures; a gateway for those who wish to visit
these cultures after preparatory study on cam-
pus. Language study in French, German, Italian,
Japanese, Spanish, or Russian can be integrated
into a major program, an interdisciplinary con-
centration with another discipline (such as
management, political science, or comparative
literature), or it may simply serve to round out
a student's liberal arts program. Some students
prefer to plan their studies around a particular
area of the world. In such cases, the Inter-
national Education office gives assistance in
planning appropriate study-abroad experiences.
Comparative Cultures graduates have chosen
careers in teaching, interpreting, foreign ser-
vice, religious vocations or international busi-
ness.

is given high priority. The Collegium has a
human development section composed of
psychology, human resources, leisure and re-
creation, and education. Also included are
programs of art, music, theatre, and the writing
workshop. Students will be encouraged to de-
sign interdisciplinary majors, to undertake
independent work, to apply knowledge in the
community, and to make education exciting
and enjoyable.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
LETTERS

The Collegium of Letters is composed of stu-
dents and faculty who have in common an
interest in human beings, past and present —
their history, literary and artistic products,
reUgious commitments, political involvements,
and philosophical groupings. The study of who
we are by looking at what we are doing and the
works and institutions created by our prede-
cessors provides the relevance, vitality, and
excitement of our program. This humane in-
terest has value in and of itself. In addition, it
provides a fundamental background for a wide
variety of futures — vocational or through
professional and graduate schools — as the
experience of our graduates attests.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
NATURAL SCIENCES

The Collegium of Natural Sciences brings to-
gether biologists, chemists, environmentalists,
earth scientists, marine scientists, computer
scientists, mathematicians, physicists, and
those interested in the health professions, in-
cluding medicine, veterinary medicine, den-
tistry and medical technology.

The major emphasis of the Collegium is on the
development of the skills of observation, ex-
perimental design, problem-solving, research
and the study of the principles and concepts
that are necessary to successful scientific in-
vestigation. The programs in the natural sci-
ences are geared to provide students with
information and techniques that can be applied
to the problems of a changing society.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
CREATIVE ARTS

The Creative Arts Collegium is dedicated to
assisting the development of the creative nature
in each person. Freedom with responsibility is
found to be vital in the creative person and this

THE CO-CURRICULAR
PROGRAM

Both to express and to implement the breadth
of the college's educational mission, there are
three co-curricular areas in which each student
is expected to participate in significant ways
during the undergraduate years: service, ca-
reer exploration, and physical activity.
Together, these areas of expected participation
constitute the co-curricular program, which
is intended to provide strong positive induce-
ment for educational achievements that Ue for
the most part outside the formal academic
curriculum, achievements that contribute di-
rectly to the college's goal of developing com-
petent givers whose lives will be characterized
by leadership and service. The expectations
are as follows:

Service. Each student shall have and find
opportunities on and off campus to engage in
significant service activities that help the stu-
dent to develop leadership and other inter-
personal skills, make a significant contribution
to the welfare of others and encourage a lifelong
commitment to service.

Career Exploration. Each student shall have
and find opportunities to explore in a system-
atic way the relationship of the undergraduate
experience to the world of work and the stu-
dent's occupational skill and interests, to apply
and thus enhance acquired knowledge in career
related situations, and to establish enduring
beneficial relationships with persons engaged
in occupations or professions related to the
student's interests. Such opportunities include
internships, practica, research, studio work, a
variety of other practice-oriented experiences
offered through the major or concentration or
through other programs of the college, or self-
initiated activities.

Physical Activity. Each student shall have
and find opportunities to engage in organized
or self-initiated activities that help the student
to develop an awareness of the importance of
physical well-being and to acquire skills that
contribute to good physical condition.

Each student is free to choose the kinds of
achievements and experiences that would
meet each expectation. In each category, activ-
ities which are part of an approved course, or
directed or independent study, may earn aca-
demic credit. An underlying expectation is
that each student will come to Eckerd with the
intention to develop a planned program of
participation and achievement in each of the

three co-curricular areas, and thus a total co-
curricular program that both supplements and
enlivens the classroom experience.

The Co-Curricular Record

As a reflection of the fact that the co-curricular
program is a significant dimension of the pro-
gram of the college, each student has an official
co-curricular record that is maintained in the
Office of Student Affairs, which has primary
responsibility for the co-curricular program.
Entries on this record must be consistent with
the categories approved by the faculty, may be
made only at the student's request and with
the approval of the Dean of Students, and are
Umited to names of activities, leadership posi-
tions held, and honors received. The intent is
twofold: to enable the student to compile an
official record of response to college co-cur-
ricular expectations, and to provide the student
with credentials that may be used to supplement
the academic transcript in application for jobs,
graduate work, fellowships, and other post-
graduate opportunities. Like the academic
transcript, the co-curricular record is released
outside the college only with the student's
permission, and neither the academic tran-
script nor the co-curricular record makes ref-
erence to the other.

THE ECKERD COLLEGE LIBRARY

The library supports the educational mission
of the college by providing faciUties, resources
and services designed to enhance the student's
learning experience. The primary goal of the
library staff is to help students achieve com-
petency in making use of available knowledge.
In this constantly changing and increasingly
complex world the ability to locate and use
needed information has become a crucial skill.
Instruction in the effective use of library re-
sources begins in the Freshman level autumn
term, continues in Western Heritage and pro-
gresses through upperclass levels where
students are encouraged to make use of sophis-
ticated computer technology by searching in
onhne databases. During all four years the
emphasis is on providing, through frequent
interaction between student and librarian, the
personal attention that makes for a learning
experience of quality.

Conveniently located in the center of campus,
the library provides an open and inviting en-
vironment for study and leisure reading. Quiet
carrels and carpeted lounge areas are inter-
spersed throughout the open stack book col-
lection. A typing room is available for those
who do not have their own typewriters, and for
those desiring personal copies of printed or
microform materials, coin operated copying
machines are available.

Designed to meet the basic needs of under-
graduate students, the library's book collection
contains approximtely 105,000 volumes. Peri-
odical subscriptions number over 900 with a
total of 20,000 bovmd periodical volumes. New
materials designed to meet both the curricular
and recreational reading needs of students are
constantly being acquired. Each year over
2,000 books are carefully selected by instructors
and librarians for inclusion in the collection.
To augment the college's own holdings, the
library participates in the On-hne Computer
Library Center (OCLC) Network which pro-
vides computerized interlibrary loan access to
several thousand libraries throughout the
United States. In addition, the library has
reciprocal lending agreements with the St
Petersburg Junior College Ubraries and the
University of South Florida-Bayboro library.

SPECIAL

ACADEMIC

PROGRAMS

PRE-PROFESSIONAL
PROGRAMS

Eckerd College regards liberal education as
essential to thorough professional training and
unites a broad freedom of student choice with
graduate education in a number of fields: for
law and medical school, medical technology,
the ministry, engineering, elementary and
secondary education, management, business
administration, and selected public service,
human resources and community professions.

Eckerd seeks to provide pre-professional ex-
perience through intensively supervised intern-
ships rather than by professional and pre-
professional courses that tend to limit the scope
and quality of liberal education. The teacher
education program, described immediately
following, exemplifies the apphcation of this
principle. Students in management take certain
specialized courses, such as accounting, and
prepare themselves through internships care-
fully planned with the Mentor of the manage-
ment program. Similarly, human relations
occupations involve a thorough liberal arts
base, to which are added supervised field and
employment experiences designed to meet the
particular interest and need of the student

'd 5»»il".«

TEACHER EDUCATION

The Eckerd College Teacher Education faculty
seek to develop competent and humane leaders
for the teaching profession. The Director of
Teacher Education is responsible and ac-
countable for all teacher education programs:
elementary certification, secondary cer-
tification, grades7-12,K-12certificationin
art and music. For certification requirements
in these programs, see page 42 under "Educa-
tion" in the course listings.

The Florida legislature has mandated entrance
requirements for all teacher education pro-
grams in the State. To be eligible to apply to
the Eckerd College Teacher Education pro-
gram, students must have attained a minimum
combined S.A.T. score of 900, and both verbal
and mathematics scores must exceed 450.
Students must have earned a minimum grade
point average of B or 2.8 on all college level
work. A college level mathematics course is
required also of all students.

Teacher program graduates seeking regular
certification in Florida are required to pass the
Florida Teacher Certification Examination and
successfully complete the Florida Beginning
Teacher Program. For further information
about the policies and procedures for admis-
sion into the Teacher Education Program,
contact the Director of Teacher Education
and request a copy of the Education Student
Handbook. , .,

HUMAN RESOURCE
INSTITUTE (HRI)

Eckerd College's Human Resource Institute
includes the Human Resources Management
program which studies the activities organiza-
tions and societies use to generate behaviors
directed toward their objectives; the Human
Resources Measurement program which studies
the processes used to evaluate human resource
management; and the Human Resources Asso-
ciation which facilitates cooperative relation-
ships between the Institute and organizations
interested in advancing human resources
management and measurement research.

The Institute was initially organized at the
University of Michigan in 1969 by William
Pyle. It moved to Eckerd College in 1986 when
Dr. Pyle joined the faculty as professor of
management and Director of the Human Re-
source Institute. Since its inception, over one
hundred Fortune 500 and other major firms in
the U.S. and abroad have sought to advance
personnel and human resources management
and measurement research through their
financial support of the Institute.

The Institute works closely with Eckerd Col-
lege's academic programs including the col-
lege's concentration in Personnel and Human
Resources Management by involving students
in its industry research projects and encourag-
ing its business and industry association mem-
bers to provide students with work experience,
internships, and career opportunities.

ENGINEERING AND APPLIED
SCIENCE — DUAL DEGREE
PROGRAM

The engineering and applied science program
is designed for students who wish to combine a
broad, values-oriented knowledge base with
one of many fields of engineering or applied
science. Students may pursue a career in many
engineering disciplines (for example: electrical,
civil, chemical, industrial aerospace, textile,
nuclear, biomedical or health systems), in en-
gineering mechanics, systems engineering, or
one of several other appUed sciences. Students
complete all requirements for majors at both
institutions.

Students apply to Eckerd College for regular
admission and spend three years at Eckerd
taking mathematics and science courses that
will quaUfy them to enter an engineering pro-
gram at the Junior level. In general, students
take Calculus 1, 11, and III; Differential Equa-
tions; Chemistry I and 11; Physics I and II; and
Introduction to Computer Science, along with
the general education requirements and the
requirements of an Eckerd College major.
Some of the courses required for the Eckerd
College major may be completed at the other
institution. The detailed curriculum depends
on the student's choice of engineering college
and specific degree program.

Upon successful completion of the three-year
portion of the program (requirements of grade
point average vary somewhat) and recommen-
dation of Eckerd College, a student is admitted
to an engineering college, where the dual-degree
requirements may normally be completed in
two years. The student is then awarded degrees
from both Eckerd College and the engineering
school.

At present, Eckerd cooperates in dual-degree
programs in engineering and applied science
wdth Washington University (St. Louis), Au-
burn University, Columbia University and
Georgia Institute of Technology. Students
may also apply to engineering schools with
which we do not have formal agreements. Many
engineering schools accept transfer students.
Several such schools have supplied us with
advice and information on which courses would
best prepare students to transfer into engi-
neering at the Junior level.

Due to the sequential prerequisite require-
ments, it is vital for dual degree candidates to
obtain counseling early in their career at Eckerd
Coltege.

ARMY ROTC

Eckerd College provides an Army Reserve
Officer's Training Program through a cross-
enrollment agreement with the University of
South Florida at St. Petersburg. Students who
complete the program, which consists of four
courses in military science, a weekly leadership
laboratory, and one summer camp, are com-
missioned in the United States Army. All
students may take the courses in miUtary
science for elective credit. The ROTC program
is open to both men and women, and scholar-
ships are available on a competitive basis to
qualified Sophomores, Juniors and Seniors.

THE WRITING CENTER

The purpose of the Writing Center is to en-
hance student learning by helping them to
become more organized in investigating and
more articulate in formulating ideas. Working
closely with the Foundations Collegium, the
staff and tutors of the Writing Center aid stu-
dents who wish to improve writing skills and
competence in research. Assistance is offered
to all Eckerd students, with special workshops
on preparation of Writing Competency port-
folios, tutoring for non-native vmters, consul-
ting on senior theses, and individual help on all
writing tasks.

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

Eckerd College believes that a liberally edu-
cated person should be at home in other cultures,
and tries to give every student the chance to
study abroad. The Eckerd College London
Study Centre is permanently staffed and
supervised by Eckerd faculty members; we
also have semester programs in Florence, Italy,
and are affiliated with the Institute for Ameri-
can Universities in France, and Stetson Uni-
versity in Spain and Germany.

Winter Term Abroad

Eckerd's annual winter term offerings overseas
each January are nationally recognized. Many
students choose to take their winter term pro-
jects in London, and we also organize programs
in locations such as Austria, Mexico, Greece,
Italy, Jamaica, Russia, and the Caribbean.

Semester Abroad

Varied locations and curricula provide semester
opportunities for students in ahnost all areas
of concentration. Programs are available in

Florence, London, Aix-en-Provence or Avignon,
Madrid, and Freiburg. Eckerd is also a member
of ISEP, the International Student Exchange
Program, which offers over 100 locations
worldwide. Students may spend a semester or
full year aboard and some have recently re-
turned from Australia, Sweden and Mexico.

Year Abroad

Eckerd has exchange arrangements with two
universities in Japan: Kansai Gaidai (Univer-
sity of Foreign Studies) in Osaka, and Nanzan
University in Nagoya, as well as Ewha Woman's
University in Seoul, Korea.

The Office of International Education counsels
with students in an effort to provide individuals
with study abroad programs best suited to
their particular academic needs.

OFF-CAMPUS PROGRAMS

Our academic calendar permits off-campus
study for periods of one month (January), one
semester (14 weeks), and up to a full academic
year. Upperclass students are encouraged to
take advantage of programs and facilities not
available at Eckerd through the off-campus
program. It is possible to participate in group
projects with a faculty leader or to contract
independent studies of the student's own
design. During winter term (January), group
projects such as an archaeological dig in the
southwest, government operations in Wash-
ington, D. C. , or urban problems in Chicago are
possible. Independent projects for individual
students have been undertaken in industry,
the Argonne Laboratories, marine research,
and at an Indian reservation. The winter term,
through cooperation with other schools having
a similar calendar, provides for intensive pro-
jects on other campuses throughout the United
States.

The Off-Campus Programs office assists stu-
dents in making arrangements, preparing con-
tracts, and providing information and ideas
related to various choices. The project subject
matter must determine the particular off-
campus location chosen.

SEA SEMESTER

Eckerd College provides an opportunity for
qualified students to earn a semester of credit
in an academic, scientific and practical experi-
ence leading to a realistic understanding of the
sea, sponsored by the Sea Education Asso-
ciation, Inc. (S.E.A.).

Students spend the first half of the semester
(the six- week shore component) in Woods Hole,
Massachusetts, receiving instruction in ocean-
ography, nautical science and maritime studies.
They then go to sea for the second half of the
semester (the six-week sea component) for a
practical laboratory experience. For course
descriptions see page 83. Eckerd College tuition
and scholarship aid can often be applied toward
the cost of Sea Semester and additional aid
may be available from S.E.A. For more infor-
mation, contact the Office of International
Education and Off- Campus Programs.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Eckerd College has been committed to inter-
national education since its inception. While
we continue to provide opportunities for stu-
dents to enrich their education abroad (see
International Education page 12) one need go
no further than the campus itself to experience
a truly cosmopohtan environment. The Inter-
national Student Affairs office sponsors sup-
port programs and activities for students
coming from more than 40 different nations to
pursue a variety of studies here. There are two
distinct groups of international students at
Eckerd College: those who study in the English
Language Service Center and those who are
degree-seeking students.

These international students enrich the campus
environment with their diverse cultural origins
and ethnic backgrounds by providing face-to-
face opportunities for cross-cultural exchange
in classroom and other settings. The breadth
of this experience is celebrated annually during
the Festival of Cultures with exhibits, enter-
tainment and ethnic deUcacies from around
the world.

CAREER-SERVICE PROGRAM

A liberal education should not be considered
separate from the economic, social and polit-
ical realities of life. With increasing insistence,
employers and professional associations are
asking career-minded students to relate fun-
damental education in liberal arts fields to
long-range plans. Further, they stress the value
of a solid liberal arts background for business
or professional careers.

Woven into your academic program during
your four years at Eckerd is a program to help
you examine your career and professional goals.
The Career- Service Program offers one or
more of a variety of experiences: one-to-one
and group diagnostic career counsehng to
assist in making decisions which integrate aca-
demic programs, career planning and general
lifestyle; internship and field experience place-
ments which involve unpaid work experiences
of observation either with a professional person
or in a special social environment; paid work
experiences related to current academic studies
and long-range career goals; discipline intern-
ships such as teacher education, community
studies, leisure studies, or management; and
placement services to assist you in finding
part-time and summer employment while in
school, but primarily to enable you to select
either the appropriate post-graduate education
or the vocational career that fits your personal
aptitudes, desires, and objectives.

SUMMER TERM

The summer term is an eight-week term con-
sisting of two four-week sessions. Courses are
available in Session A, Session B, and/or
through the full eight-week summer term. A
preliminary announcement of courses and fees
is published in early April; more detailed
course descriptions are available in mid-April.
Regularly enrolled Eckerd students and stu-
dents enrolled and in good standing at other
colleges and universities are eligible for ad-
mission. High school students who have com-
pleted their Sophomore year and present
evidence (usually a recommendation from
principal or counselor) of their ability to do
introductory level college work, are ehgible for
admission with a scholarship which covers
507c of the regular tuition. Summer term rates
are slightly reduced from academic year tui-
tion levels. Students entering Eckerd in the
summer with the intention of becoming degree
candidates must make formal application for
admission to the Dean of Admissions.

Summer courses may replace courses missed
during the academic year or accelerate gradu-
ation. Additional information about summer
term courses may be obtained from the Dean
of Special Programs.

PROGRAM FOR
EXPERIENCED LEARNERS

The Program for Experienced Learners (PEL)
is a degree-completion program designed
specifically for adult learners who are strongly
motivated, yet have career or personal obliga-
tions which keep them from enrolUng in a more
traditional degree program. Because of the
flexible and personal nature of the program,
most students are able to continue working
full-time while pursuing the bachelor's degree.

PEL was founded on the belief that learning
does not necessarily have to take place in a
formal classroom setting. When experiential
learning is relevant to academic goals, it should
be recognized in a meaningful way.

PEL students have been awarded college credit
for a variety of prior learning experiences in-
cluding: career-oriented learning, technical
training, professional development seminars
and courses, community activities, volunteer
work, previous college work, and other mean-
ingful personal efforts. The main requirements
are that such prior learning be comparable to
college-level coursework, be well documented,
and be appUcable to the student's chosen
degree program.

Depending upon the student's background
and experience, a maximum of 27 courses could
be awarded through transfer and experiential
credit Since the bachelor's degree requires a
minimum of 36 courses, this may represent a
substantial savings of time and money.

Admissions Requirements

Qualities such as personal commitment, perse-
verance and self-discipline are necessary for
success in PEL.

Basically, the guidelines for admission are:

1. AppHcants must be at least 25 years of
age.

2. Applicants must have a high school diploma
or high school equivalency diploma. College
experience is desirable; transfer credit for
"C" or better grades will be awarded when
coursework is appropriate for a liberal arts
and sciences education and is relevant to
career goals.

3. Applicants should possess a high degree of
personal motivatioa Although the program
is flexible, ultimate success will depend
upon the student's own ability, initiative,
and desire to earn the degree.

Meeting Degree Requirements

In addition to meeting some degree require-
ments through experiential learning and trans-
fer credit, other course requirements may be
met in a variety of ways. PEL provides five
eight-week terms at the main campus and in
Clearwater and Sarasota Centers. Directed
and independent study courses provide an
option for PEL students in meeting degree
requirements. These courses, designed by
faculty members, require neither class partic-
ipation nor campus residence. The student
works closely with the faculty member through-
out a course. Other ways of meeting degree
requirements for PEL students include tutorial
courses, travel/study programs, and regular
campus courses.

Major and Degrees

PEL students are awarded the same degree
conferred in the residential degree program.
The degree preserves the basic features of the
Eckerd College program by emphasizing the
liberal arts as part of everyone's education,
but also recognizes the importance of relating
general knowledge to special career concerns.

A number of degree programs are particularly
well suited to the PEL format. For example,
business and management concentrations can
coordinate job experience vrith theory in the
college curriculum. A major in human resources
readily makes use of professional involvement
in health services, community service, and the
helping professions.

Financial Aid

Several types of financial aid are available to
qualified students, including the Pell Grant,
Florida Tuition Voucher, Federally Insured
Student Loans and VA benefits.

Another popular form offinancial assistance is
through tuition reimbursement programs spon-
sored by private corporations and government
agencies. Many PEL students have found that
their employers are very cooperative in helping
to meet their college expenses.

For More Information

Additional information on financial aid, ad-
missions requirements, and the Program for
Experienced Learners may be obtained by
writing: Program for Experienced Learners,
Eckerd College, P.O. Box 12560, St Petersburg,
FL 33733. Or call: (813) 864-8226, and one of
our counselors will be glad to help you.

THE ACADEMY OF

SENIOR

PROFESSIONALS

The Academy of Senior Professionals at
Eckerd College (ASPEC) is an integral unit of
the college devoted to the promotion of con-
tinuing liberal education, scholarly activity,
writing, study, and the development of indi-
vidual or group projects of importance to mem-
bers, to the college, and to the community.

ASPEC is a unique organization composed of
a group of mature men and women who have
had distinguished careers in education, religion,
business, the arts and sciences, government
service, the armed forces, medicine, dentistry,
law, architecture, social services and similar
professional endeavors. By means of publica-
tions, lectures, coUoquia, convocations, and
the like, members continue to share and to
contribute to human knowledge. Through fre-
quent association with faculty members and
with students, members contribute their know-
ledge and experience, and receive in return
fresh viewpoints and ideas. Some ASPEC
members participate in teaching on the invita-
tion of faculty members.

ASPE C is designed for those who wish, during
their retirement, to expand their intellectual
horizons, enrich their cultural experiences,
make constructive contributions to society, or
pursue their own interests in association with
congenial colleagues within the multigenera-
tional educational community of Eckerd College.

Some members live in housing units in College
Harbor, the retirement center on the college
campus. Others reside within commuting dis-
tance of the campus. Inquiries should be
addressed to: Director, Academy of Senior
Professionals, Eckerd College, P.O. Box 12560,
St. Petersburg, Florida 33733.

ACADEMIC
POLICIES

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

In order to graduate from Eckerd College, a
student must spend at least two years, includ-
ing the Senior year, in the college or in an
approved off-campus program.

Any student who wishes to request an exemp-
tion from or a modification of an all-college
requirement may petition the Dean of Faculty
using forms available in the Office of the
Registrar. Petitions must include detailed
reasons for the request, and receive prior
approval from the student's Mentor and col-
legia! chairperson.

Unless modified in individual cases by action
of the Dean of Faculty, the following require-
ments must be fulfilled by all students in order
to qualify for formal recommendation by the
faculty for the Bachelor of Arts degree:

1. The satisfactory completion of a minimum
of 32 courses, plus an autumn term in the
Freshman year and a winter term project
in each subsequent year.

a. A Freshman may take a winter term in
addition to autumn term, and substitute
that winter term for one of the 32
courses.

b. The winter term project in the Senior
year normally consists of the preparation
for comprehensive examinations, theses
or projects.

2. Writing Competency: students must submit
a portfolio of their own compositions to be
evaluated by members of the faculty and
Writing Excellence program. Specifications
for the contents of the portfolios are avail-
able from the Director of Writing Excel-
lence. Usually, the pieces in the portfolio
are essays, reports, examinations, or crea-
tive work written in courses, and most
students submit their portfolio for evalu-
ation in the spring of their first year. Stu-
dents may not register for senior projects,
theses, or comprehensive examinations
without having received writing competency
for their portfolio. Composition courses
and the Writing Center provide instruction
in preparing writing competency portfolios;
students whose portfolios are judged in-
adequate must take a composition course
before resubmitting their portfolio. Since
portfoHo evaluation is conducted only twice
each year, students are strongly urged to

consult with their Mentors and the Writing
Center staff well before the April and Octo-
ber deadlines, and to submit their port-
folios before completing eighteen course
credits.

3. Computation (normally in the Freshman
year): one college level mathematics, com-
puter science, formal logic or statistics
course, or one course that uses the com-
puter as a major learning tool, designated
by an M. Competency may also be satisfied
by passing an appropriate proficiency
examination administered by the college.

4. Foreign language (normally in the Freshman
year): one year of foreign language at the
college level, or the equivalent as demon-
strated by a college administered profi-
ciency examination.

5. Western Heritage I and II, WHF 181
and 182. Students for whom English is a
second language and who have not resided
in the mainland U.S. for more than two
years may substitute WHF 183C U.S.
Area Studies for Western Heritage I,
which shall also fulfill the requirement for
a course within the Cross- Cultural Per-
spective. There is a special section of
Western Heritage II for international stu-
dents.

6. Four courses (normally in the Sophomore
and Junior years), one each from a Ust of
options in the following four areas: the
Aesthetic Perspective, the Cross-Cul-
tural Perspective, the Environmental
Perspective, the Social Relations Per-
spective, distributed over four different
upper division Collegia. A term of study
abroad also fulfills the Cross-Cultural Per-
spective. Courses fulfilling these require-
ments are indicated by the appropriate
letter following the number. See the course
descriptions for a listing of these courses.

7 . One course in the Senior year in the Judaeo-
Christian Perspective.

8. One senior seminar within the collegium of
the student's major focussing on the search
for solutions to important issues that stu-
dents are likely to confront during their
lifetimes.

9. The completion of a major (from the list of
35 majors formally approved by the faculty),
or an independently designed area of con-
centration. The area of concentration must
be approved by three members of the fa-
culty, with an approved study plan filed in
the Registrar's office no later than fall
semester of the Junior year.

10. The satisfactory completion in the Senior
year of a comprehensive examination,
thesis, or creative project in the major or
area of concentration with a grade of C or
better.

The following requirements must be fulfilled
by students in order to qualify for formal recom-
mendation by the faculty for the Bachelor of
Science degree:

1. The satisfactory completion of the course
and all-college requirements as outlined in
sections 1-10 above.

2. Completion of a major or area of concen-
tration in one of the natural sciences or
mathematics, including the satisfactory
completion of at least sixteen courses in
the Natural Sciences Collegium, including
not more than one of the four required
perspective courses.

Students majoring in the natural sciences or
mathematics may earn the Bachelor of Arts
degree by completing at least twelve but fewer
than sixteen courses in the Natural Sciences
Collegium, including not more than one of the
four perspective courses.

For either the B.S. or the B.A. degree, students
majoring in the natural sciences or mathemat-
ics may substitute specified courses outside
the Collegium to satisfy the minimum require-
ment for courses within the Collegium. Inter-
ested students should consult their Mentors
for information on gaining approval for such
substitutions.

Students transferring to Eckerd College
as Sophomores are considered exempt from
Western Heritage, the computation and foreign
language requirements. Students transfer-
ring as Juniors are also considered exempt
from any two of the four Sophomore/Junior
perspectives.

THE HONORS PROGRAM

The Honors Program at Eckerd College pro-
vides enhanced opportunities for independent
study and research to students of outstanding
ability. Selected students are brought together
for close interaction and advanced work, such
studies receiving permanent recognition on
the students' transcripts.

A special brochure is available from the Dean
of Admissions concerning the four years of the
Honors Program but a brief description follows.
First-year Honors students meet for special
sessions of the college's two Freshman core
courses, Western Heritage I and II, for which
an extra course credit is awarded. The second
and third years of the Honors Program center
around Honors courses in four areas or per-
spectives, these being the Aesthetic, the Cross-
Cultural, the Environmental, and the Social
Relations Perspectives. Seniors in the Honors
Program participate in a colloquium in which
they present their Senior thesis research, cre-
ative projects, or their work for comprehensive
examinations.

Students normally apply to the Honors Program
in the spring before their anticipated fall enroll-
ment. A faculty committee selects students for
the approximately twenty spaces available in
each class, with the selection criteria including
high school record, standardized test scores,
and teacher recommendations. Interested
students are encouraged to write the Dean of
Admissions for additional information.

NATIONAL HONORARY SOCIETIES

The following National Honor Societies have
chapters at Eckerd College:

Delta Phi Alpha - German

Requirements: two years of college German, a
3.0 average in German courses and 2.5 overall;
new members must be elected unanimously.
The Society meets monthly, sponsors German
related events, off-campus speakers and a
weekly kaffee klatch for all German students.

Omicron Delta Epsilon - Economics
Lamba Chapter in Florida

Requirements: Junior or Senior standing, class
rank in upper one-third with a 3.0 in economics
courses and at least four economics courses.
The Society recognizes the accomplishments
of economics students.

Omicron Delta Kappa - Leadership

Requirements: Junior or Senior standing with
high grade point average, selected on the basis
of exemplary character, responsible leadership
and service in campus life. The purpose is to
encourage good campus citizenship by recog-
nizing significant achievement in the various
aspects of college life.

Pi Mu Epsilon - Mathematics
Gamma Chapter in Florida

Requirements: at least two years of mathe-
matics including Calculus I and II vnth at least
a B average. The purpose is to promote schol-
arly activity in mathematics among students in
academic institutions.

Sigma Delta Pi - Spanish

Requirements: three years, or the equivalent,
of college Spanish with a 3.0 or better in all
Spanish courses, and rank in upper 35 percent
of class with a minimum of 2.75. The purpose
is to promote scholarly activity in Spanish
among students in academic institutions.

Sigma Xi - Scientific Research

Requirements: demonstrated aptitude for
scientific research and intention to pursue a
career in science, nomination by a Sigma Xi
member based on such criteria as academic
excellence, scientific research usually culmin-
ating in a paper, presentation at a scientific
meeting, or a senior theses. The pupose is to
advance scientific research, encourage inter-
disciplinary cooperation, and assist the wider
understanding of science.

MAJORS AND AREAS OF CONCENTRATION

At Eckerd College efforts are made to tailor
programs of study to the particular needs and
interests of individual students. To help guide
students with the selection of courses, the
faculty has approved a number of disciplinary
and interdisciplinary majors. In most cases,
the faculty members associated with each major
have prescribed minimum course require-

ments for the major. Brief descriptions of
majors are included under each discipline
heading in the course description section of
this catalog. Students desiring more specific
information about major programs should
consult their Mentors, coUegial chairpersons
and discipline coordinators. A list of the faculty-
approved majors follows.

American Studies

Anthropology

Business Administration/

Management
Biology
Chemistry

Comparative Literature
Computer Science
Creative Writing
Economics

Elementary Education
Environmental Studies/

Earth Sciences
French
German
History

Human Resources
Humanities
International

Business

International

Studies
Literature
Management
Marine Science
Mathematics
Modern Languages
Music
Philosophy/

Religion

Philosophy
Physics

Political Science
Psychology
Religious Studies
Russian Studies
Sociology
Spanish
Theatre
Visual Arts

Students desiring to design their own programs
of study are encouraged to develop an individ-
ualized area of concentration in cooperation
with their Mentors. The proposed plan of study
must ultimately be approved and have iden-
tified with it a specific committee of at least

three faculty members. The approved study
plan must be filed in the Registrar's office
early in the Junior year. A major or concentra-
tion may require no more than 12 courses in
one discipline, and no more than 16 courses
altogether.

ACADEMIC CREDIT

Credit toward a degree is awarded for satis-
factory course completion, independent study
projects, directed study programs, academic
work certified by another accredited degree-
granting institution, and proficiency demon-
strated by examination.

Ordinarily credit is earned by course com-
pletion. A normal full-time academic load is
eight courses plus an autumn term in the
Freshman year and eight courses plus a winter
term project in each subsequent year.

Credit may be earned through independent
study by students who exhibit both the self-
discipline and mastery of the methodologies
demanded by the subject matter selected by
the student. An independent study project is
designed by a student in consultation with the
professor who is to supervise and evaluate the
work. An academic contract, drawn in advance,
specifies the subject and method of inquiry,
the texts, the purpose of the project, and the
basis of evaluation and credit. Each contract
m_ust be approved by the Director of Inde-
pendent Study. Independent study options
are available for both on and off-campus
opportunities. Freshmen are not permitted to
take off-campus independent studies. Inde-
pendent study forms are available from the
Registrar.

Provision is also made for credit by directed
study. Both independent study and directed
study require advance planning by the instruc-
tor and student. While initiative rests with the
student for design of independent study, in
directed study the instructor is responsible for
supplying a syllabus which defines the program.
Directed study syllabi are available from the
Registrar.

Credit is granted by transfer from accredited
degree-granting institutions, up to a limit of 16
courses, plus one autumn and one winter term.
A student entering Eckerd College should
request that a transcript of work done in other
institutions be sent to the Registrar. When the
transcript has been evaluated, the applicant is
notified of the credit accepted by transfer.
Eckerd College students who wish to enroll for
part of their programs at other institutions
should have the approval in advance of their
Mentors, appropriate discipline faculty, and
the Registrar. For more information on transfer
credit, please see page 99.

Credit for demonstrated proficiency is

awarded when a student applies for it with the
Registrar and successfully completes appro-
priate examinations. College Level Exam-
ination Programs are recognized for both
advanced placement and academic credit. For
more information on CLEP, see page 100.

The college recognizes that many experiences
outside the classroom may contribute to a stu-
dent's program. Internships, participation in
community projects, and field experience may
be accorded credit if closely coordinated with
the student's academic program. Such exper-
ience ordinarily constitutes a part of a regular
course or independent study project.

f- -i-i^!iesci«

'20

THE GRADING SYSTEM

The standard grading system of the college is
A (Superior Work), B (Good Work), C (Satis-
factory Work), D (Poor Work), and F (Unac-
ceptable Work). All courses in which a grade of
C or higher has been earned shall count toward
fulfilling degree requirements. A course in which
a D grade is earned may fulfill degree require-
ments only when a grade of B or higher is
earned in another full course.

A grade of I (Incomplete) indicates that all
course requirements are not complete by the
end of the term and that, in the judgment of the
instructor, extension of deadline is appropriate.
Unless an earUer deadline is set by the in-
structor, a student will have thirty days into
the next regular semester to complete the
required work. If the work is not completed by
that time, or the shorter deadline imposed by
the instructor, the Incomplete will auto-
matically become an F.

In case of formal voluntary withdrawal before
the end of the eighth week of a semester, a
grade of W is recorded. If withdrawal occurs
after that point, a grade of F is recorded. A W
that results from an involuntary withdrawal
must be vahdated with the Registrar at the
time of withdrawal or as soon thereafter as
possible.

A Credit/No Credit grading option is avail-
able in each course/project for students who
are at least second semester Freshmen. Stu-
dents desiring this grading option must petition
for the approval of the course instructor, the
Mentor, and the Educational Policies and Pro-
gram Committee. Petitions must be submitted
prior to the beginning of a semester or term.
Grades of Credit and No Credit cannot be
subsequently changed to letter grades.

All grades are reported to students and entered
on the official record of the college. Grades of
F will not be removed from the transcript. A
notation will be recorded on the transcript of
any substitute grade earned. Students may
not repeat a course for credit unless they receive
a D, need to repeat the course in order to
progress in sequence, and have the approval of
the instructor and academic dean.

CLASS ATTENDANCE

Students are expected to attend all classes in
courses for which they are registered. There is
no college-wide attendance requirement, but
individual instructors may impose attendance
requirements in particular courses.

STANDARDS OF
SATISFACTORY
ACADEMIC
PROGRESS

NORMAL PROGRESS

Normal progress toward graduation is the
completion of four courses each semester and
a short term each year with grades of C or
better.

ACADEMIC REVIEW
COMMITTEE

At the close of each semester the Academic
Review Committee reviews the progress of
every student who fails a course, receives a
voluntary withdrawal (referred to hereafter
by W) , has more D than grades of B or better, is
on academic probation, or is otherwise identi-
fied as not making satisfactory academic pro-
gress. Mentors, instructors and student per-
sonnel staff may be consulted. The Committee
may place on probation or dismiss any student
who in its judgment is not making satisfactory
academic progress. In making such judgments
the Committee is guided by the following
standards and notifies the Financial Aid office
of each financial aid recipient affected.

PROBATION

A student who accumulates two or three F
grades, or a combinaton of F and W grades
that results in falling behind normal progress
by two to five courses, or one more D than B or
better grades, is placed on academic probation.

Students placed on academic probation are
notified of this action by the Academic Review
Committee and advised of how to remove the
probationary status.

Students may enroll in up to four courses per
semester during the probation period.

Students admitted on probation may have
no more than two F or W grades in their first
semester and must have at least one C or better
in order to enroll for a second semester.

SUBJECT TO DISMISSAL

A student who accumulates four F grades, or a
combination of F and W grades that results in
falling behind normal progress by six courses,
or four more D than B or better grades, in
addition to being placed on probation, is noti-

fied that he or she is subject to dismissal for
any additional F, D or W.

Students may enroll in up to four courses per
semester while subject to dismissal.

SUSPENSION FROM

EXTRACURRICULAR

ACTIVITIES

A student placed on probation or subject to
dismissal as a result of F and W grades for a
second consecutive semster, or as a result of D
grades for a fourth consecutive semester, is
suspended from participation in college spon-
sored extracurricular activities, and the direc-
tors of the activities notified, so that the student
may devote full time to study.

REMOVAL FROM PROBATION

Probationary status remains in effect until
the student completes four courses in Eckerd
College in one semester with C or better grades
and the overall number of B or better grades at
least equals the number of D grades.

DISMISSAL

A student who accumulates five or more F
grades, or a combination of F and W grades
that results in falUng behind normal progress
by seven courses or more, or five or more D
than B or better grades, is dismissed for at
least one semester.

Students dismissed for academic reasons are
notified in advance of the next regular semester
by the Academic Review Committee. This
notice also advises the student whether and, if
so, when and how to be considered for read-
mission.

To apply for readmission after dismissal, a
student should write to the Dean of Students,
who shall obtain the approval of the Dean of
Faculty as chair of the Academic Review
Committee before authorizing readmission.

SECOND DISMISSAL

A student who is readmitted after having been
dismissed for a limited period of time for aca-
demic reasons is admitted on probation, but is
dismissed again if he or she accumulates an
additional two F grades, or a combination of F
and W grades that results in falling behind
normal progress by more than two courses, or
three more D than B or better grades.

SUMMARY OF ACADEMIC REVIEW COMMITTEE CATEGORIES

Probation: any one of the following
2 or 3 F grades

F and/or W grades that result in falling
behind by 2 to 5 courses
1 to 3 more D than B or better grades

Subject to Dismissal; any one of the following
4 F grades
F and/or W grades that result in falling

behind by 6 courses
4 more D than B or better grades

Dismissal:

5 F grades

F and/or W grades that result in failing

behind by 7 courses
5 more D than B or better grades

Second Dismissal: any one of the following
Additional: 2 F grades

F and/or W grades that result in
falling behind by 3 courses
3 or more D than B or better
grades

WITHDRAWALS

Withdrawal from the college at any time is
official only upon the completion of the with-
drawal form available in the Registrar's office.
Requests for readmission following withdrawal
should be sent to the Dean of Students. Stu
dents may withdraw to enroll in another college
for courses not available here but important to
the student's total program. Such courses may
be transferred upon the student's return, but
must be approved in advance by the Mentor,
discipline faculty and Registrar. Students re-
questing a withdrawal should consult with the
Registrar.

THE DEAN'S LIST

The Dean's List is pubHshed following the fall
semester and the spring semester and includes
students who completed four courses with a
grade point average of 3.75. Students with
incomplete grades at the time of publication
are not eligible.

HONORS AT GRADUATION

Eckerd College awards diplomas with honors
to a few students in each graduating class.
Criteria are entirely academic and include
performance in courses, independent study
and research, and on the comprehensive exam-
ination, thesis or project. Accomplishment in
the complete college program is honored rather
than in a major, concentration, or discipline
alone. The Honors/ Awards Committee calls
for nomination for honors from individual
faculty members. Honors are conferred on
recommendation of the committee.

REGISTRATION

Registration dates are Usted in the calendar
at the back of this catalog. Upon completion of
procedures as outlined in registration materials,
the student's registration is approved by the
business office and the Registrar. Students
who preregister late will be charged a $30 fee.
Proof of payment must accompany the regis-
tration.

All courses for which the student wishes to
register for credit must be listed on the official
registration form. The student is responsible
for every course listed and can receive no
credit for courses not listed on this form.
After registration day, official changes in
registration may be made only through
official drop/ add cards approved by the
instructors whose courses are involved.
Unless a course is officially dropped, a
grade of F will be incurred if the student
fails to meet the obligations of the course.
No course may be added after the drop/add
deadlines which are printed in the calendar in
the back of this catalog.

AUDITORS

Any regularly registered full-time student may
audit a course without fee, subject to permission
of the instructor. Part-time students or students
not registered for credit may attend courses as
auditors subject to formal permission of the
instructor and payment of an auditor's fee of
$270. Entry is made on the student's permanent
record concerning audited classes. A course
taken for audit may be changed to credit with
the instructor's permission, if the change is
filed with the Registrar by the end of the eighth
week of a semester.

DESCRIPTIONS OF COURSES AND MAJORS

(Alphabetically by Discipline)
Meaning of Letters and Numbers

1 . The first two letters indicate the discipUne
offering the course.

2. The third letter indicates the collegium. A-
Creative Arts; L-Letters; C-Comparative
Cultures; B-Behavioral Science; N-Natural
Sciences; F-Foundations; I-International
(offered abroad).

3. Interdisciphnary courses are indicated by
the collegial designations: CRA-Creative
Arts, BEB-Behavioral Science, CUC-Com-
parative Cultures, LTL-Letters, NAN-
Natural Sciences, FDF-Foundations, INI-
a course offered abroad.

4. The first digit of the three numbers indi-
cates the level of the course: 1 and 2 indi-
cate a course at the Freshman or Sophomore

level; 3 and 4 indicate a course at the Junior
or Senior level.

The second and third digits are used at the
discretion of the collegium.
331-332 indicates Special Topics
410 indicates a Senior Seminar

498 indicates Comprehensive Examination

499 indicates Senior Thesis or Project

Perspective courses are indicated by A-
Aesthetic, C-Cross-Cultural, E-Environ-
mental, S-Social Relations after the digits.
JCP indicates Judaeo- Christian Perspec-
tive. Courses which meet the computation
requirement are indicated by M after the
digits.

The required four different perspective courses must be taken in four different collegia.

Opportunities for independent study are available in all collegia. Independent study contracts

are negotiated between the student and the faculty sponsor. Independent study contract

forms are available in the Registrar's office.

Directed studies are listed in this catalog. Copies of directed study syllabi are available in the

Registrar's office. Some directed studies are available through the Program for Experienced

Learners only. Please consult the PEL Director for a list of these.

An academic minor is an option available to all students. The academic minor shall consist of

five courses from a single discipline, to be determined by the discipUne.

ACCOUNTING

An accounting concentraton may be elected
by a student as a skill area within the man-
agement major. Students electing accounting
must meet the requirements for the Manage-
ment program. See Management for des-
criptions of those requirements and courses.

AESTHETIC PERSPECTIVE
COURSES

Courses in this perspective are designed to
provide an introduction to a major area of
artistic endeavor. Whether in creative expres-
sion or aesthetic appreciation, all focus on
providing students with the ability to make
informed value judgments in the artistic area
under consideration.

ANC 383A Primitive and Folk Art

For description see Anthropology.

Aesthetic Perspective Courses

ARA 329A The Art Experience

For description see Art.

ARI 321A Art Patronage in London

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

CRA 201 A Triartic Aesthetics or
Understanding the Arts

Profs. Richard Rice, Arthur Skinner

Immersion in the performing and visual arts of
the Tampa Bay area, and an exploration of the
creative process from the perspective of artist,
performer, and audience. Field trips.

CRA 202A Literature and Vocation

Prof. Sterling Watson

Moral, ethical and religious questions in working
life, as seen in the novel. Discussion of the
books with practitioners of the professions
who will speak from professional experience.

CRA 225A Multimedia Studies in
Aesthetics

Prof Joan Epstein

Fundamentals of art criticism applied to var-
ious "multimedia" phenomena; aesthetic theo-
ries extracted. Freshman discouraged from
enrolling.

CRA 384A 20th Century American
Women in the Arts

Prof Nancy Corson Carter

Values and traditions affecting American
women artists from 1935 to the present.
Examine works by women in dance, visual
arts, prose, poetry, film, photography, etc.
Offered alternate years.

EDA 336 A Frames of Mind: the Study of
Multiple Intelligences

For description see Education.

HIC 244 A Cultural History of Russia

HIL 248A History and Appreciation of
Modem Painting

HIL 341 A Medieval-Renaissance Art
and Architecture

For descriptions see History.

LIL 2 10 A Literary Themes: Literature as
Human Experience

LIL 211 A Literature for Life

LIL 2 12 A Literature by Women

LIL 222A American Literature II

LIA 225A Modern American Poetry

LIA/L 226A Uterary Genres: Short Novel

LIA 227A Contemporary Fiction,
Contemporary Issues

LIL 239A English Literature: 1800 to the
Present

LIA 241 A Great American Novels

LIA 250A Children's Literature

LIA 28 1 A The Rise of the Novel: Western
Narrative I

LIA 282A The Modern Novel: Western
Narrative II

LIL 305A Women as Metaphor:
Investigating our Literary Heritage

LIL 325A Men and Women Together
Examining our Literary Heritage

LIA 350A Modern American Novel

LI/THA 362A Film and Literature

LIA 380 A Images of the Goddess

LIA 38 1 A Contemporary American Fiction

LIA 382A Contemporary American Poetry

For descriptions see Literature.

LTR 300A The Ancient Greek World
Through Literature

Prof Joan Fry

Greek attitudes and aesthetics revealed through
poetry, drama, prose, art and archaeology using
readings, shdes and artifacts.

LTR 301 A A Nation ofPoets and Thinkers:
Art and Philosophy in Modern German
Culture

Prof Bruce Foltz

Art and philosophy in German culture from
the classical period of Hegel and Goethe to the
present. Interrelationship between art and
thinking. Prerequisite: at least one course in
history, literature or philosophy, or permission
of instructor.

MUA 221 A Introduction to Music
Literature

MUA 226A American Music and Values

For description see Music.

Anthropology

PLL 261 A Philosophy and Film
PLL 263A Aesthetics

For description see Philosophy.

REL 342 A Literature of the Bible

For description see Religious Studies.

THA 102A The Living Theatre

THA 263A Basic Acting

THA 322 A Communication Arts and
Persuasion

TH/LIA 362A Film and Literature

THA 370A Scenic Design

THA 381 A Seminar in Theatre: Theory
and Value

For descriptions see Theatre.

THI 365A Theatre in London

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

WWA 302 A Rhetoric of Film

For description see Creative Writing,

AMERICAN STUDIES

A broad, interdisciplinary major in American
civilization built around the core disciplines of
history, political science and literature. The
program may also include courses in such fields
as philosophy, religion, art, economics and
sociology. The student's program, developed
in consultation with the Mentor and supervised
by a three-member faculty committee, should
form a consistent pattern of courses in Amer-
ican culture and institutions. The program will
include a minimum often courses, with at least
five from one discipUne. Six of the ten courses
must be beyond the introductory level. One of
the following seminars, which also meet the
Social Perspective course requirement,
should be included in the major.

AML 306 S American Myths, American
Values

Prof. William McKee

Myths in American history, literature and
religion which shape Americans' understanding
of their identity and history.

AML 307S Rebels vdth a Cause: Radicals,
Reactionaries and Reformers

Prof. Carolyn Johnston

Reform and radical ideology of the 19th and
20th centuries. Populism, progressivism;
nationalist, civil rights, peace, feminist move-
ments.

AML 308S Becoming Visible: Sex, Gender
and American Culture

Prof. Carolyn Johnston

Changing perspectives on what it means to be
male or female in the U.S. Historical origins
and sources of values concerning masculinity
and femininity.

ANTHROPOLOGY

The major in anthropology is designed to help
students acquire the basic perspective and
understanding of the field, as well as proficiency
in applying the anthropological viewpoint to
the world in which they live. Requirements for
the major include successful completion of
five core courses: Introduction to Anthropol-
ogy, Research Methodology, Anthropological
Theory, Physical Anthropology, and a choice
of either Linguistics, Applied Anthropology,
or Introduction to Field Archaeology, plus suc-
cessful completion of four other courses and
one winter term in anthropology. Students
who intend to pursue graduate studies in an-
thropology are strongly advised to take course
work in the areas of statistics, language studies,
history, sociology and psychology. Indepen-
dent and directed study courses in various
areas of anthropology are normally available
each academic year. Anthropology majors are
strongly encouraged to participate in one or
more overseas study experiences during their
four years at Eckerd College.

Requirements for the minor include successful
completion of any five anthropology courses.

ANC 20 IS The Anthropological
Experience: Introduction to
Anthropology

Concepts and viewpoints of contemporary
anthropology through multimedia investigation:
slides, films, elementary field experience.

Anthropology

ANC 202 Introduction to Field
Archaeology

Participation in a field experience. Prerequi-
site: 20 IS or permission of instructor.

ANC 203C Cultures of the Middle East

The nature of Islamic cultures and changes
that have taken place through contact with the
West. Environment, reUgion, social organiza-
tions, rural and urban factors, status of women,
development of nationalism.

ANC 204C Prehistoric Cultures of the
Americas

Archaeological culture sequences from Paleo-
Indian through historic periods. Gain an under-
standing of how those previous cultures inter-
acted with other regions of the state as well as
other areas of the New World. Students will
learn to document historical research. Evalua-
tion on a project report.

ANC 207C Chinese Communist
Society

Prof. Hendrick Serrie

Family, child-raising, position of women; nurs-
eries, schools, clinics; Revolutionary Commit-
tees. China's politics since the death of Mao.

ANC 208 Human Sexuality

Sexuality as symboUcally invested behavior,
and its consequences in cultural, social and
personal dimensions.

ANC/LIL 230 Linguistics

For description see Literature.

ANC 250/1 (Directed Study)

The Endless Journey: An Introduction

to Anthropology I, II

Basic concepts, theoretical viewpoints and
research techniques of contemporary anthro-
pology.

ANC 286C Cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa

Africa's geography, topography and cultural
patterns: politics, economics, language, adap-
tation. Comparisons of cultural heritages for
selected societies. Prerequisite: Sophomore
or higher.

ANC 305 S Culture and Personality

Prof. Hendrick Serrie

Major theoretical and conceptual tools utilized
by anthropologists in the study of personality
in culture; data- gathering techniques. Offered
every third year.

ANC 330 Physical Anthropology

Evolution and fossil hominids (apes and hu-
mans). Laboratories focus on anthropometric
techniques. Controversies engendered by
modem anthropological studies. Prerequisite:
201 or permission of instructor.

ANC 333 Making a Mirror for Man: An
Introduction to Anthropological Research
Methodology

Design and implementation of different types
of research modes. Field work projects.

ANC 334C Applied Anthropology

MNB 334C Industrial and Organizational
Anthropology

Prof Hendrick Serrie

Application of anthropology in business,
industry, rural development programs, foreign
and domestic governmental agencies. Ethical/
moral problems. Field projects. Offered alter-
nate years.

ANC 335 Cultural Ecology

Relationships between environment and cul-
tural systems.

ANC 336 Ethnic Identity

Prof Hendrick Serrie

Role of ethnic identity in nationalism, non-
assimilation of minorities, intercultural under-
standing, communication and interaction.
Offered every third year.

ANC 350 (Directed Study) Introduction
to Museum Work

Prof Hendrick Serrie
Hands-on experience with artifacts, cataloging,
restoring and cleaning, designing and con-
structing an exhibit based on research. Minimum
120 hours. Prerequisite: at least one anthro-
pology course and consent of instructor.

Art

.\NC 383A Primitive and Folk Art

Prof. Hendrick Serrie

Primitive cultures through the perspective of
art and anthropology. Styles, functions and
broader cultural contexts. Offered alternate
years.

AN/IBC 385 The Cultural Environment
of International Business

Prof. Hendrick Serrie

Challenge of conducting business operations
successfully in a cultural environment distinct
from one's own.

ANC 436 Anthropological Theory

Prof Hendrick Serrie

Schools of thought on evolution, diversity,
diffusionism, culture and personality. Prere-
quisite: one course in anthropology or sociology.
Offered alternate years.

ANC 483 Culture From the Inside Out

Values, perceptions, feeling states and deeply
rooted assumptions central to experiencing
and understanding any culture.

cue 282C East Asian Area Studies

cue 388C Sino-Soviet Conflict

For descriptions see Cross-Cultural Per-
spective Courses.

GEC 250 (Directed Study) Geography

GEC 350 (Directed Study) World Regional
Geography

For descriptions see Geography.

ART

Programs in visual arts are individually designed
with a Mentor. Every program must include
Visual Problem Solving and Basic Drawing
and two courses in art history or aesthetics
taken outside the discipline. Proficiency in
drawing and design must be demonstrated in a
Sophomore show before the required thesis
show may be undertaken in the Senior year. A
minor in visual arts is also offered.

ARA 101 Visual Problem Solving

Prof James Crane

Systematic approach to visual arts, developing
skills in spatial organization, relating forms in
sequence, discovering uniqueness, personal

approach to solutions, even within narrow,
arbitrarily prescribed bounds.

ARA 102 Drawing Fundamentals

Profs. Arthur Skinner, Margaret Rigg
For the novice or the initiated, an immersion in
new ways of seeing, eye-hand coordination,
self-discovery, and self-expression through
varied drawing media, using as sources the
figure, still-life, nature, and imagination.

ARA 205 English Calligraphy I

Prof. Margaret Rigg

The calligraphy styles of both England and
America, Introductory survey open to all stu-
dents regardless of major.

ARA 206 British Calligraphy I

Prof Margaret Rigg

The history and stroke order of certain British
styles of calligraphy alphabets: Italic, Uncial,
Copperplate, Foundational, Roman, Gothic,
Black Letter.

ARA 207 English Calligraphy II

Prof. Margaret Rigg

Further development of skills in British and
American alphabets. Prerequisite: 205.

ARA 222 Clay I

For beginners, the fundamentals of ceramic
materials, handforming, recycling, glazing,
firing. Laboratories with supervised working
time and lectures on technical knowledge.

ARA 223 Relief Printing

Prof. Arthur Skinner

An in-depth investigation of one of the oldest
print mediums, using linoleum as the primary
matrix to explore design and graphic imagery
in both black and white and color. Prerequisite:
101 or 102.

ARA 225 Etching

Prof Arthur Skinner

Basic techniques of etching, including hard
and soft grounds, aquatint, drypoint, open
biting, embossing, and color printing. Experi-
mentation and an imaginative approach is
expected. Prerequisites: 101 or 102 and per-
mission of instructor.

Art

ARA 228 Painting Workshop

Prof. James Crane

Introduction of process of painting with
emphasis on each student finding his/her own
imagery, exploring technical means. Any me-
dium or combination allowed. Prerequisite:
101 and 102.

ARA 229 Photography as Image
Gathering

Prof. Arthur Skinner

Process, techniques, and aesthetics of taking
and developing black and white photographs.
No prerequisites, but the student should have
access to a camera with adjustable aperture
and shutter speeds.

ARA 230 Transparent Watercolor Painting

Prof Margaret Rigg

Paint under artifical light as well as out of
doors. Open to beginners and more advanced
students who have never tried transparent
watercolor painting.

ARA 241 Intermediate Drawing

Prof. Margaret Rigg

A variety of traditional and non-traditional
drawing media. Visit museums and galleries.
Prerequisite: 101 and 102.

ARA 250 (Directed Study) History of the
Print

Prof. Arthur Skinner

A survey of the history and development of the
print medium, intended primarily for art stu-
dents with some background in the graphic
arts. Counts as one art history credit.

ARI 300 (Directed Study) Florence: An
Architectural History of the City

For description see International Education,
Italy Offerings.

ARA 301 Collage and Assemblage

Prof. James Crane

Production of two-and three-dimensional ob-
jects and images, employing various materials,
exploring the interface between painting and
sculpturing. Prerequisites: 101 and 102.

ARA 305 Design and Techniques of
Letterpress

Fine letterpress printing through a studio
course in the techniques of platen and cylinder
press.

ARA 306 British Calligraphy II

Prof Margaret Rigg

Further development of skills in one particular
British alphabet, with its history and various
uses. Prerequisite: 206.

ARA 308 Throwing on the Potter's Wheel

Throwing instruction and practice. Skill, aes-
thetic considerations, techniques and critiques.
Prerequisite: 222 or permission of instructor.
Offered alternate semesters.

ARA 320/420 Studio Critique

Prof. James Crane

Maximum of independence vrith regular
critiques, each student preparing a contract
for work in media of the student's choice. Class
used for review of work, field trips and dis-
cussion. Prerequisites: 101, 102 and any
media workshop.

ARA 321 Advanced Drawing

Critique forum for students ready to do serious
work in various drawing media, developing
their personal mode of expression. Emphasis
on experimentation with new materials and
ideas. Must be capable of working indepen-
dently. Prerequisites: 101, 102 and permission
of instructor.

ARA 322 Advanced Photography Critique

Prof. Arthur Skinner

Intensive independent projects designed to
encourage imaginative examination of the local
environment. Class critiques weekly. Evalua-
tion on final portfolio of at least 20 finished
mounted prints exhibiting technical excellence
and creative insight. Prerequisite: 229.

ARA 323 Painting Critique

Prof. James Crane

Independent work with regular critiques for
students who have taken Painting Workshop
or had prior experience in painting. Not for
beginners.

30.

Biology

ARA 324/5 American Calligraphy I, II

Prof. Margaret Rigg

A survey of American styles of letterforms:
Amenu, Shahn, Flourishing Brush, Art Nou-
veaux, and others used in the U.S.A.

ARA 326 Plate Lithography

Prof. Arthur Skinner

An exploration of the basic techniques of
aluminum plate lithography. Students will be
expected to produce prints in color as well as
black and white. Prerequisites: 101 and 102
and permission of instructor.

ARA 327 Painting Workshop II

ARA 328 Painting Workshop III

Prof James Crane

Continuation of process begun in 228. Indi-
vidual instruction with periodic group critiques.
Emphasis on larger scale works and technical
appropriateness. Prerequisites: 228 for 327;
327 for 328.

ARA 329A The Art Experience

/Vo/. Margaret Rigg

Students select one artist and do art works
and research on the life and times of that artist,
and make a presentation on both the art works
and the facts.

ARA 330 Opaque Watercolor Painting

Prof Margaret Rigg

Techniques of gouache and tempera water-
colors, concentrating on aspects of commercial
art, illustration and fine art approaches. Pre-
requisite: 101, 102 and permission of instructor.

ARA 341 Painting for Calligraphers

Prof Margaret Rigg

Special materials and techniques of miniature
painting and text illumination. Prerequisites:
101, 102, and 241. Offered alternate years.

ARA 342 Introduction to Graphic Design

Basic elements of graphic design: Typography,
modem print techniques, illustration, photo-
graphy in advertising, publishing, mass media.

ARA 420 Studio Critique

For description see ARA 320.

ARA 499 Senior Thesis and Seminar

Prof James Crane

For Senior art majors preparing thesis shows,
self- structured time to work, regular weekly
meetings, critiques, practice in hanging and
criticizing shows. Personal, individual discus-
sion time with instructor. Prerequisite: Senior
major in art.

ARI 321 A Art Patronage in London
1700-c. 1850

ARI 351 (Directed Study) History of
English Architecture

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

CRA 201 A Triartic Aesthetics:
Understanding the Arts

For description see Aesthetic Perspective
Courses.

For art courses offered in Florence see
International Education, Italy Offerings.

ASTRONOMY

For description see Physics.

AUTUMN TERM PROJECTS

Descriptions of autumn term projects are
published in a separate brochure.

BIOLOGY

Required for a major are demonstration of
basic knowledge and understanding of the
history, methods and principles of the life
sciences. This demonstration will be satisfied
by successful completion of a Senior com-
prehensive or thesis exam and ordinarily the
following courses: Marine Invertebrate Biology,
Plant Biology or Marine and Freshwater
Botany, Biology of Vertebrates, Cell Biology,
Genetics, Comparative Physiology, Ecology,
and an acceptable elective. General Biology
may substitute as the entry level course. Each
student must also satisfactorily complete
Biology Seminar and Concepts of Chemistry I
and n. Minimal pre-professional requirements
additionally include Organic Chemistry I and
n. Calculus I, Physics I and 11, and a course in
Statistics.

Biology

A minor requires five biology courses, not
including more than two at the 100 level,
perspective courses (except General Biology),
or directed or independent studies. At least
one of the five courses must be at the 300 or
above level.

BIN 12 IE General Biology

Prof. Joel Trexler

Principles of biological science; scientific
method; characteristics of and interactions
between cells, organs, organisms, populations,
communities and ecoystems.

BIN 187 Plant Biology

Prof. Sheila Hanes

Evolution, diversity and development of plants,
their place in the ecosystem and responses to
environmental conditions. Vascular, non-vas-
cular marine, freshwater and land plants.
Field trips.

BIN 188 Marine and Freshwater Botany

Prof Sheila Hanes

Diversity of marine and freshwater plants, their
relationship to each other and to their environ-
ment. A survey of all plant groups will be
included. Field trips.

BIN 189 Marine Invertebrate Biology

Prof John Ferguson

Structural basis, evolutionary relationships,
biological functions and environmental inter-
actions of animal life in the seas, exploring the
local area.

BIN 200 Biology of Vertebrates

Prof John Reynolds

Classification, evolutionary history, structure,
neo-Darwinian evolution and evolutionary
features as seen in anatomy of aquatic and
terrestrial chordates.

BIN 202 Cell Biology

Prof William Roess

Structure, function and the flow of energy as
the unifying principle linking photosynthesis,
anaerobic, aerobic respiration and expenditvire
of energy by the cell. Prerequisites: CHN 121;
CHN 122 as co-requisite.

BIN 204 Microbiology

Prof Sheila Hanes

Biology of microorganisms; microbiological
techniques, isolation and identification of
unknown organisms.

BIN 250 (Directed Study) Exploration in
Human Nutrition

Prof Rebecca Ferguson

Available through summer term or Special
Programs only. Suitable for non-science majors.
For students curious about their own nutri-
tional needs, who may be confused by the
many myths currently perpetuated in popular
literature.

BIN 301 Ecology

Prof Joel Trexler

Physical, chemical and biological relationships
in natural communities. Field work in nearby
ponds and Gulf shoreline. Prerequisites: 187,
189; Corequisite: 303 or 305 or permission of
instructor.

BIN 302 The Biology of Fishes

Prof Joel Trexler

Systematics, anatomy, physiology, ecology and
behavior of fishes. Laboratory includes cura-
tion of a class fish collection and various pro-
jects. Prerequisite: 200.

BIN 303 Genetics: Investigative

Prof William Roess

Mendelian and transcription genetics from
historical perspective. Experimental approach
emphasized. Small lab groups participate in
experimental design, and develop research
skills in molecular biology. Prerequisite: CHN
121/2. BIN 202. Corequisite: CHN 221.

BIN 304 Comparative Physiology:
Investigative

Prof John Ferguson

Physiological mechanisms of animals and gen-
eral principles revealed through application of
comparative methods. Creative project lab to
develop research skills. Prerequisite: CHN
121/2, 221. BEN 202, 303. Corequisite: CHN
222.

BIN 305 Genetics: Interpretive

F^of William Roess

See BEN 303. Library research project in place
of investigative lab. Prerequisite: CHN 121/2,
BIN 202, or permission of instructor.

Biology

BIN 306 Comparative Physiology:
Interpretive

Prof. John Ferguson

See BIN 304. Library research project or in-
dependent alternative in place of investigative
lab. Prerequisite: CHN 122/2, BIN 202.

BIN 307 Biology of Marine Vertebrates

Prof. John Reynolds

Classification, characteristics, general ecology
and current research methodology. Prerequi-
site: 200.

BIN 310 Techniques in Electron
Microscopy

Fh^of. Sheila Hanes

Research techniques such as tissue preparation,
sectioning with an ultramicrotome, filming
observations. Prerequisites: Junior standing,
science major, permission of instructor.

BIN/MSN 311 Marine Mammalogy

Prof John Reynolds

Marine mammal systematics, status, economic
value, behavior, physiology, population dy-
namics, evolution, management. Prerequisite:
BIN 200 and Junior standing.

BIN 350 (Directed Study) Human
Physiology

Prof John Ferguson

Nerves, muscles, sense and endocrine organs;
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, repro-
ductive, excretory systems; metabolic integra-
tion. Suitable for biology majors off-campus
unable to take 304 or 306. Prerequisites: CHN
122, BIN 202 and permission of instructor.

BIN 402 Marine Ecology

Prof Joel Trexler

Selected aspects of marine systems. Prere-
quisites: 301 or 307.

BIN 406 Advanced Topics in Botany

Prof Sheila Hanes

Subjects investigated determined by student
interest. Prerequisite: 187 or 188.

BIN 408/NAN 410 Biology Seminar
(2-year sequence)

Topical problems in biology especially those
not fully explored in other areas of the biology
curriculum. Junior, Senior biology majors par-
ticipate for one course credit; Sophomores
invited to attend.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars.

BIN 422 Advanced Topics in Genetics

Prof William Roess

Selected topics from contemporary areas of
genetics. Gene regulation, oncogenes, immuno-
genetics, genetic engineering, human genetics.
Biological and social implications. Prerequisite:
BIN 303 or 305.

BIN 499 Independent Research - Thesis

Upon invitation, Seniors may design and carry
out a creative research program, usually result-
ing in a written dissertation which is defended
in the spring.

NAN 285E Conservation Biology

NAN 382E The Oceans and Man

NAN 383E Ecology, Evolution and
Natural Resources

NAN 384E The Human Body as an
Environment

For descriptions see Environmental Per-
spective Courses.

See also Psychology.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

The international business major is designed
to provide students with a variety of proficien-
cies and experiences related to career oppor-
tunities and/or preparation for graduate work.
The major is supervised by a four member
faculty committee, one from foreign languages,
one from the discipline offering the cultural
area courses, one from the management disci-
pline and one from International Education.
Requirements for the major are:

Language

Five courses in one language, with demon-
strated conversational skills, or the equivalent

Foreign Cultures

Introduction to Anthropology, International
Politics, and two cultural area courses.

Business Foundations

Principles of Accounting, Principles of Macro-
economics, Principles of Marketing, The Man-
agerial Enterprise.
International Business
The Cultural Environment of International
Business, International Marketing, Interna-
tional Finance and Banking, International
Economics, and the Comprehensive Examin-
ation. (Prerequisite to international business
courses is either Statistical Methods, College

London Offerings

Algebra, Calculus I or Introduction to Com-
puter Science.)

Study Abroad

A winter term, summer term or semester
abroad within an appropriate International
Education program, or an individualized study
under the direction of a member of the faculty
committee.

ecu 410 Senior Seminar in the
Comparative Cultures

For description see Senior Seminars.

International students should confer with the
major faculty, as there are special requirements
more suited to them.

IBC/ANC 385 The Cultural Environment
of International Business

For description see Anthropology.

IB/MNC 485 International Marketing

Prof. Joseph Bearson

International product management, pricing in
foreign markets, multinational distribution
and business logistics systems, world-wide
promotion programs, international market
and marketing research. Prerequsite: MNB
369.

IBC/MNB 486 International Finance and
Banking

Prof. Naveen Malhotra

International banking system, foreign exchange
risk management, long run investment deci-
sions, financing decisions, working capital
management, international accounting, tax
planning. Prerequsite: ECB 282S, MNB 271.

connoisseurs of the period discussed and
visited.

ARI 351 (Directed Study) A History of
English Architecture

Prof Arthur Skinner

For the London semester student, an intro-
duction to the history of English architecture,
from Anglo-Saxon times to the present. No
prerequisites, but some contact with art or art
history is recommended.

ECI 450 (Directed Study) History of
Economic Thought

Prof Tom Oberhofer

The evolution of economic ideas as developed
and expounded by Western economists and
the linkage between changing economic ideas
and socio-political conditions. Prerequisites:
ECB 281S land 282S or permission of in-
structor.

HII 310 (Directed Study) History of
England to 1714

HII 311 (Directed Study) History of
Modern Britain Since 1714

HII 312 (Directed Study) History of
London

For descriptions see History.

INI 350 (Directed Study) The Maritime
Heritage of England

Prof John Ferguson

The influence of the sea on the English nation,
its contribution to economic development and
the values of its people, through readings and
visits to museums and historic sites.

IBC 498 Comprehensive:
Transnational Business Operations

Offered during winter term.
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

LONDON OFFERINGS

ARI 321 A Art Patronage in London
1700-C.1850

Hogarth, Reynolds, Stubbs and Turner stud-
ied in depth. Collections of George IE, Sir
John Soane, Duke of Welhngton and other

INI 389C British Seminar

Required for students in the London semester.
The historical, institutional and contemporary
issues of Britain, with particular attention to
London. Visiting experts in various fields,
excursions and readings help students develop
understanding of Britain today.

The British Seminar is valid as a Cross- Cultural
Perspective course in Comparative Cultures,
Creative Arts and Letters. It is not valid as a
Cross-Cultural Perspective course in Behav-
ioral or Natural Sciences.

Italy Offerings

MNI 300 International Business and
Management

Prof. Derek Davies

Theories, techniques, institutions and pro-
cesses. Similarities and differences arising
from cultural, economic, political and legal
differences in countries. Attention to condi-
tions in U.S.A., Great Britain, Western Eur-
ope, Japan.

POI 301 S Beyond the Postwar Consensus:
British Politics in the 1980s

Prof. Elaine Unterhalter

Changes in British political life since the election
of Prime Minister Thatcher. Visits to cam-
paigning organizations, political parties and
local government.

PSI 350 (Directed Study) Youth
Experience in a Changing Great Britain

Prof Jeffrey Howard

The impact of recent events on British youth
through face-to-face encounters and an exam-
ination of the institutions which shape their
lives. Prerequisite: PSB 202 or a course in
child development and consent of the in-
structor.

THI 365A Theatre in London

P-of Thomas Kidd

London theatre, including backstage tours
and guest lectures, covering drama from clas-
sical to modern. For students with a general
interest in theatre, of whatever major.

ITALY OFFERINGS (Florence)

ITI 101/2 Italian Language

A requirement while studying in the Florence
program. Classes at the Istituto di Lingua Ital-
iano, Florence.

ARI 2/324 Etching

Intaglio, aquatint, soft ground, sugar life, relief
printing, air brush ground, dry-point, engrav-
ing. Prerequisite: proficiency in drawing and
design.

ARI 2/344 Drawing

Line, modeling, chiaroscuro, perspective, com-
position. Both drawing and watercolor not
required; however drawing in preparation for
painting expected.

ARI 2/326 Watercolor

Pigments, brushes, papers, washes, overlay,
form, chiaroscuro, techniques.

INI 379C Florence Seminar

The history and culture of Italy, visiting art
and history museums and other points of inter-
est in Florence and vicinity. Required of all
students in the Florence program.

Directed Studies offered to Florence
students only:

ARI 300 Florence: An Architectural
History of the City

Prof. Arthur Skinner

The historical developments of 2,000 years
which shaped the image of Florence, and major
developments in Western architecture as they
were originated and interpreted by the Floren-
tine creative spirit.

LLI 300 Florentine Literature

Prof Howard Carter

Specific assignments on the greatest Florentine
writers: Dante, Boccaccio, Petrarch, Machia-
velH, Cellini and others, and places in Florence
associated with them.

OTHER OPPORTUNITIES

Eckerd College cooperates with several in-
stitutions to provide students with opportun-
ities in other overseas locations. In all cases,
courses are chosen at the time of registration
at the host university.

France

Semester abroad in Aix- en-Provence or Avignon
in cooperation with the Institute for American
Universities, Prerequisites: one year of college
French for Aix; two years for Avignon. Lan-
guage, humanities.

Germany

Semester abroad in Freiburg, in cooperation
with Stetson University. Prerequisite: two
years of college German. Language and hu-
manities.

Japan

Full-year exchange opportunities at Kansai
Gaidai (Osaka) or Nanzan University (Nagoya).
Full range of courses. Classes in English.
Japanese not required prior to exchange.

International Studies

Korea

Semester or full-year at Ewha Woman's Uni-
versity (Seoul). Wide range of courses. Classes
in English.

Spain

Semester abroad in Madrid, in cooperation
with Stetson University. Prerequisite: two
years of college Spanish. Language, humanities.

ISEP (International Student Exchange
Program)

Opportunities to study overseas for a semester
or year at one of 80 locations throughout the
world. Students enroll in universities abroad
one-for-one exchange.

Information available from the International
Education and Off-Campus Study office. Sheila
Johnston, Director.

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

An interdisciplinary major in International
Studies should form a consistent pattern on
courses that focus on one foreign nation or
cultural area of the world, or on a global topic
involving nations from different parts of the
world. The major includes language study,
courses in the same cultural area of the world,
courses in a particular discipUne, and study
abroad for a year, semester or term.

Students majoring in international studies are
guided by a three member committee, includ-
ing one member from the appropriate language
faculty, one from the chosen discipline, and
the Director of International Education.

The major consists of a minimum often courses,
with at least five from one of the core dis-
ciplines-economics, political science, history,
or anthropology - and at least six courses
beyond the introductory level. Courses taken
in the core discipline must comply with the
sequencing requirements of that discipline.
Students are also required to complete at least
two years of college level foreign language, and
at least three courses related to the chosen
geographical area. Students are required to
spend a full year, a semester, or a term abroad
in a program offered by International Educa-
tion, or in an individualized project supervised
by one of the members of the faculty committee.

ITALIAN

ITC 101/102 Elementary Italian

Intensive practice in speaking, listening com-
prehension, reading, writing and grammar.
Prerequisite for 102 is 101 or permission of
the instructor.

ITALY OFFERINGS

See International Education.

JAPANESE

JAC 1/2/301 Japanese (Offered in the fall

only)

JAC 1/2/302 Japanese (Offered in the spring
only)

Prof. Gilbert Johnston

Dialogues in Japanese, Romanized Japanese,
and English supplemented by grammar and
usage drills. Practice in both speaking and
reading. Second and third levels taught as di-
rected studies.

Year Abroad in Japan

See International Education.

JUDAEO-CHRISTIAN
PERSPECTIVE COURSE

JCP 410 Judaeo-Christian Perspectives
on Contemporary Issues (Directed Study
available by petition only)

Team-taught interdisciplinary capstone Senior
seminar examines the values and perspectives
of the Judaeo-Christian tradition applied to
contemporary issues. Required for all Seniors.

LINGUISTICS

For description see Literature.

Literature

LITERATURE

Students majoring in literature must take a
minimum of eight literature courses, including
at least one from English literature prior to
1800, one from English literature after 1800,
and one from American literature. They will
work out their schedules with their Mentors,
according to individual needs. Literature
majors must successfully pass a Senior com-
prehensive exam, covering in survey fashion
English and American hterature plus some
methodological application; course selections
should be made with this in mind. Special
topics constitute an essential core of the lit-
erature program, providing discipline and
focus on specialized areas which prepare stu-
dents for the depth and clarity of study required
for graduate school or a serious career in lit-
erature. Specific titles vary, depending on
student interest, contemporary issues, and
faculty research. In exceptional cases, students
who have established their proficiency in lit-
erature may be invited to write a Senior thesis
on a subject of their choice, in place of the
comprehensive exam.

For a minor in literature students will take five
courses in literature, one of which may be a
writing workshop, three of which must be
Eckerd College courses, and two of which must
be at the 300 level or above.

LI A 101 Introduction to Literature: Short
Fiction

Prof. Sterling Watson

Short stories and novels, concentrating on crit-
ical thinking, clear, concise written and spoken
exposition, and values embodied in great works.
Attendance is required.

LIA 102 Introduction to Literature: The
Four Genres

Prof. Sterling Watson
Plays, poems, novels and short stories, con-
centrating on critical thinking, clear, concise
written and spoken exposition, and values
embodied in great works. Attendance is re-
quired.

CRA 202A Literature and Vocation

For description see Aesthetic Perspective.

LIL 2 10 A Literary Themes: Literature as
Human Experience

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Basic human experiences (innocence and
experience, conformity and rebellion, love and
hate, the presence of death) approached
through great poems, stories and plays. Liter-
ature from 400 B.C. to the present.

LIL 211 A Literature for Life

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Readings chosen to give pleasure, cultivate
taste, impart understanding of basic human
values and concerns (love, violence, com-
munity, religion), and develop a life-long love
of literature.

LIL 2 12 A Literature by Women

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Survey of literature written in the English lan-
guage by women over the past 600 years. Focus
on the increasing visibility of women in literary
culture and changing images of women in the

arts.

LIA 221 American Literature I: The
Puritans to Whitman

Prof Peter Meinke

Literature of 17th, 18th and 19th century
America. The development and transfiguration
of American attitudes toward nature, religion,
government, slavery, etc., traced through liter-
ary works.

LIL 222A American Literature II

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Survey of American literature from the mid-
19th century to the present. Dickinson, Twain,
James, Crane, Pound, Eliot, Frost, Stevens,
O'Neill, Hemingway, Faulkner, Lowell, O'Con-
nor, Welty and a range of contemporaries.

LIA 225A Modern American Poetry

Prof Peter Meinke

Major American poets from 1900 to 1950,
concentrating on the meaning and values ex-
pressed in the poems, the development of
modernism, and the reflection of America as
our society developed.

LIA 202 Journalism

Basic news story, in-depth reporting, reviews,
features, editorials, editing, layout, social and
legal issues facing the press.

LIA 226A Literary Genres: Short Novels

FYof Sterling Watson

The short novel and ways in which it differs
from shorter and longer fiction, how literature

Literature

embodies values, and practice in the enuncia-
tion and defense of reasoned critical opinions.
Attendance is required.

LIA 227A Contemporary Fiction,
Contemporary Values

Prof. Howard Carter

Writings from around the world, exploring so-
cial interaction between characters (lovers,
enemies, families), between strata of society
(men/women, black/white, rich/poor), and be-
tween authors and ourselves.

LIA/ANC 230 Linguistics

Profs. Howard Carter, Hendrick Serrie

The scientific study of language and its con-
text: the elements of language and its uses in
personal thought, social interaction, cultural
values and institutions.

LI/RUC 232 Russian Classics in
Translation

LI/RUC 234 Soviet Literature in
Translation

For descriptions see Russian.

LIL 235 An Introduction to Shakespeare:
Motley, Murder, and Myrrh

Prof Julienne Empric

Shakespeare through sampling each dramatic
genre: comedy, tragedy, history and romance.
Learn to appreciate and evaluate his writings,
and the characteristic distinctions among the
genres.

LIL/THA 236/7 History of Drama I, II

Prof Julienne Empric

Two semester course; either may be taken
independently. Part I includes Greek drama
through the Restoration and 18th century.
Part n includes pre-modern, modern and con-
temporary classics.

LIL 238 English Literature I: Beowulf to
1800

Prof Julienne Empric

General survey from the Old English to the
Neoclassic period, highlighting the historical
traditions which the authors create and upon
which they draw.

LIL 239A English Literature II: 1800 to
the Present

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker
General survey of British literature from 1800
to the present, including Romantic, Victorian,
modern and contemporary writers. The his-
torical tradition and outstanding individual
artists.

LIA 241 A Great American Novels

Prof Howard Carter

Great American novels, their narrative art,
their reflection of American culture, their en-
gagement of the readers' hearts and minds,
exploring some of life's great questions as
revealed by masterful writers.

LIA 250A (Directed Study) Children's
Literature

Prof Peter Meinke

The best of children's literature in various
genres. Student will do either a creative (e.g.,
writing children's story) or scholarly (e.g., essay
on history of nursery rhymes) project.

LIL 250 (Directed Study) Shakespeare:
The Forms of His Art

F^of. Julienne Empric

For students unable to enroll in LIL 235 An
Introduction to Shakespeare, or those wishing
to pursue further work on Shakespeare inde-
pendently.

LIA 2/352 (Directed Study) American
Fiction: 1950 to Present, I, II

Prof. Howard Carter

Students who have done little reading in this
area should take 252. Those with some ac-
quaintance with contemporary American fic-
tion should take 352.

LIA 267S Literature of Healing and Dying

F*rof. Howard Carter

The relationship between the sick person and
the caregiver, and the relationship between
the reader and the writer who describes, and
sometimes criticizes, the first relationship, to
deepen understanding of health care issues.

Literature

LIL 271 Drama as Genre

Prof. Julienne Empric

Tragedy, comedy, and tragicomedy: the impor-
tance of language, from poetry to slang. Writ-
ings of important critics through the ages.
Theatre productions, televised plays.

LI A 281 A The Rise of the Novel: Western
Narrative I

Prof. Howard Carter

Some of the great works of the Western tra-
dition, the fantastic and the realistic, following
the guided dreams of narrative and its explor-
ation of our imaginations and our worlds.

LIA 282A The Modern Novel: Western
Narrative II

Prof Howard Carter

Modern writers and some of the questions of
modem times: alienation, depth psychology in
fiction, assessments of technology and urban
life, sources of hope in humanism and literary
art.

LII 300 (Directed Study) Florentine Liter-
ature

See International Education, Italy Offer-
ings.

LIA 301 Southern Literature

Prof Sterling Watson

Southern novels, short stories and plays, iden-
tifying what is "Southern" among them. Works
by McCullers, Warren, Faulkner, O'Connor,
Percy, Price, Porter, Ganes. Attendance re-
quired.

LIL 303 British Literature: 18th Century

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

British literature from the death of Dryden to
the beginning of the Romantic Age. Major
writers including Locke, Swift, Pope, Addison,
Jonson, Fielding, Sterne. Major Enlighten-
ment themes and genres.

LI/GRC 304 The Novels of Hermann
Hesse

For description see German.

LIL 305A Women as Metaphor:
Investigating our Literary Heritage

Prof Julienne Empric

Investigating European, Canadian and Amer-
ican literature with emphasis on metaphors
for women, what it is to be human, and values
choices. Conceptions of women through the
ages as presented in literature.

LIL 308 The Dramatic Moment: the Poetry
of John Donne and Ben Jonson

Prof. Julienne Empric

The poetry of Donne and Jonson, comparing
their ideas and techniques, their relationships
to themselves, their beloved and the world,
and examining perplexities held in common
across the centuries.

LIL 320 British Literature: Modern
Poetry

Prof. Jewel Spears Brooker

Survey of British literature from the 1880s to
World War II, and an attempt to define
"modernism" in poetry. Poets include Hop-
kins, Hardy, Yeats, Housman, Eliot, Auden
and Thomas.

LIL 322 British Literature: The Modem
Age

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Readings of period documents in history and
social sciences; major writers, including Conrad,
Joyce, Ehot, Woolf and Auden. Does not in-
clude drama.

LIL 323 British Literature: the Victorian
Age

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

British poetry and prose during the reign of
Victoria (1837-1901). Major writers including
Tennyson, Browning, Arnold, Hopkins, Dic-
kens, Ruskin, Hardy. Victorian themes and
intellectual preoccupations.

LIL 324 British Literature: the Romantic
Age

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Pre-Romantics of late 18th century through
major artists of the next two generations.
Burns, Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Scott,
Shelley, Keats, Byron. Major Romantic themes
and genres.

Literature

LIL 325A Men and Women Together:
Examining our Literary Heritage

Prof. Julienne Empric

Understanding the roles (or "metaphors") for
men and women involved in societal or indi-
vidual choices, through the study of great works
of Western literature.

LIL 327 Chaucer to Shakespeare

Prof. Julienne Empric

Survey of major authors and forms of early
English non-dramatic poetry, with emphasis
on Chaucer, Spenser and Shakespeare.

LIA 328E Literature and Ecology:
Writings About the Earth Household

Prof Nancy Corson Carter

Exploring thi'ough literature the myths, ideas
and attitudes which shape ecological practice.
Understanding our heritage and using that
knowledge to keep the earth household alive
and healthy.

LIA 334 20th Century European Fiction
(Directed Study available)

Prof Howard Carter

Novels representing various countries, domi-
nant literary movements and most influential
authors. One or more novels may be read in the
original language. Prerequisite: one college
level literature course.

LIL 338 20th Century British and
American Drama

Prof Julienne Empric

Representative dramatic forms through works
by O'Neill, Wilhams, Miller, Eliot, Osborne,
Pinter, Beckett, Arden, Stoppard, and the
influences which helped shape modern drama.
Prerequisite: any course in drama.

LIA 347 Great Prose

Prof Howard Carter

Non-fiction prose, largely from the Western
tradition, asking how authors use language to
enquire into various topics and to lead the
mind and imagination of the reader.

LIA 350A (Directed Study) Modern
American Novel

Prof Peter Meinke

Ten or twelve major American novelists of the
first half of the 20th century from Dreiser

through Richard Wright. Ideas, themes and
analysis of writing style.

LIA 351 (Directed Study) 20th Century
American Women Artists and Writers
(c. 1900-1935)

Prof Nancy Corson Carter

Women artists and writers in the social and
cultural context of their times. Students choose
from among photography, dance, poetry, prose.
Prerequisite: Sophomore or higher.

LI/GRC 351 (Directed Study) Life and
Works of Franz Kafka

For description see German.

LIA 352 (Directed Study) American
Fiction: 1950 to Present II

For description see LIA 252.

LIA 360 Values in Contemporary British
Poetry

Prof Peter Meinke

Poems of such varied contemporary poets as
Hope (Australian), Heaney (Irish), Hughes,
Larkin (English), Ormond (Welsh), Atwood
(Canadian).

Lie 360 Modern Japanese Literature in
Translation

Prof Gilbert Johnston

Sampling of novels, short stories and poetry
written during the past century, revealing the
Japanese point of view regarding themselves
and the world.

LIA 361 Literary Criticism

Prof Howard Carter

A study of literary theory and criticism using
the most important figures in the West from
Plato to the present. Prerequisite: one college
level literature course.

LI/THA 362A Film and Literature

Profs. Howard Carter, Richard Rice

Elements of film production, major film gen-
res, literary sources and analogues, and some
of the critical approaches of film study.

Literature

CRA 365 Mothering, Fathering,
Friending: Explorations in Human
Nurturance

Prof. Nancy Corson Carter

Interdisciplinary approach: how culture mani-
fests the values of nurturance through myths,
symbols, power, presence in our lives, affirma-
tions, and taboos.

LIA 368 Literature of Fact

Prof. Howard Carter

Literary elements applied to describing reality
accurately. Interpretation, point of view, style,
personal involvement, ethical responsibilities
studied through non-fiction writers.

LIL 372 Tragedy and Comedy

Prof Julienne Empric

Range of periods and genres: drama, film,
television. Critical opinions on what distin-
guishes the tragic and the comic.

LIA 380A Images of the Goddess

Prof Nancy Corson Carter

Myths, archetypes and symbols surrounding
the Goddess, "god-talk," and "godthinking"
through the study of Christian mystics, Jungian
psychologists, contemporary poets, novelists
and theologians.

LIA 38 1 A Contemporary American Fiction

Prof Howard Carter

Fiction that breaks new ground and how it
evolves. Selections from several strands of
current writing in America, traditional and
experimental, male and female, urban and
rural, white and black.

LIA 382A Poetry and Values in
Contemporary America

Prof Peter Meinke

Poems of post- 1950 American poets, various
movements that developed and the values they
represent, and the difficult relations between
the poet and society.

LIA 403 American Fiction Since 1950

Prof Sterling Watson

Best of American fiction since 1950, selecting
from such authors as Didion, Ellison, Mala-
mud, Mailer, O'Connor, Kesey, Yates, Morris,
Bellow. Attendance is required.

LIL 425 Seminar on Shakespeare

Prof. Julienne Empric

Plays and poems, language, structure, setting,
characterization, themes, traditions. Limited
to Senior literature majors, with others by
permission of instructor.

LIL 430 John Milton Seminar

Prof. Jewel Spears Brooker

Milton's sonnets, epics, drama and prose, in
the context of his life and times.

LIL 435 T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats
Seminar

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

Transformation of Romanticism through the
works of two of the greatest poets of the past
hundred years.

LIL 440 The Mythical Method: Yeats,
Eliot and Joyce

Prof Jewel Spears Brooker

The narrative method of telling a story with
beginning, middle and end, compared with
experiments of three modem masters with an
alternative method, fragments unified by ref-
erence to myth.

LI/SPC 450/1 (Directed Study) The
Artistry of Federico Garcia Lorca I, II

For description see Spanish.

CRA 384A 20th Century American
Women in the Arts

Prof Nancy Corson Carter

For description see Aesthetic Perspective
Courses.

Management

LONDON OFFERINGS

See International Education.

MANAGEMENT

The management/leadership programs are
designed to prepare the student to compete
effectively for entry into management/leadership
careers of the student's choice through either
undergraduate or pre-Masters of Business
Administration programs.

The Three Basic Management Programs

The management programs are designed to
meet thi-ee categories of student needs: under-
graduate majors in management; minors in
management; and dual majors.

The management program is designed both to
prepare students for entry level positions in
management and to provide the necessary
educational foundation for admission into
MBA (Master of Business Administration)
programs. Many institutions offering graduate
programs in business give graduate credit or
waive graduate courses where students have
developed adequate proficiencies at the un-
dergraduate level. The management curricu-
lum is designed to maximize these benefits by
providing a strong core progam leading to a
B.A. degree in Management.

All management majors are required to com-
plete the following core requirements:

Freshman Computers and MIS or

Introduction to Computer

Science
Statistical Methods
Quantitative Methods or

Calculus I

(or Managerial Economics,

normally taken in the Junior or

Senior year)

Sophomore Principles of Accounting
Microeconomics
Macroeconomics

Junior Business Law

The following courses may not be taken until

the student has Junior or Senior status:

Junior Managerial Enterprise

Principles of Marketing
Organizational Behavior/

Leadership
Finance

Senior Personnel Management

Business Policy and Strategic

Management
Comprehensives in Management

Concentrations in management may be elected
in accounting, business administration, finance
and investments, marketing, and personnel
and human resources management. For the
requirements of these concentrations, see the
management faculty.

A minor in management consists of the follow-
ing five courses: either Computers and MIS or
Introduction to Computer Science, Managerial
Enterprise, Principles of Marketing, Organi-
zational Behavior, and either Principles of
Accounting or Finance.

Students must also meet all general education
requirements to graduate.

MNB/MAN 120 Quantitative Methods for
Economics and Management

For description see Mathematics.

MNB/CSN 202 Cobol Programming

Problem solving using the Cobol Language.
Daily assignments, programming assignments,
hour tests, final examination. Prerequisite:
CSN 103M or 143M and permission of the
instructor.

MNB/PLL 242S Ethics of Management:
Theory and Practice

Prof. Judith Green

Ethical theories as they relate to personal and
organizational decisions, policies and actions.
Analyzing situations which require moral de-
cisions in the organizational context. Sopho-
more or higher standing.

MNB 271 Principles of Accounting

Accounting principles used in the preparation
and analysis of financial statements, accumu-
lation of business operating data and its clas-
sification for financial reporting. Balance sheets
and income statements.

MNB 272 Computers and Management
Information Systems

Decisions that must be made by managers
pertaining to computers and information sys-
tems. Computer terminology, hardware and
programming, selecting computer and data
base systems, etc.

Management

MNB 273 Life Career and Personal
Financial Planning

Profs. Ted Doivd, Naueen Malhotra

Integration of life's values and goals into career
objectives in order to develop a personal finan-
cial plan to increase one's quality of life. Of
special interest to non- management majors.

MNB 275S The Sex-Role Revolution in
Management

Issues related to the history, problems and
prospects of women in management. The
impact of the sex-role revolution on women
and men in corporations (the course is not for
women only).

MNB 361 Business History

Prof. George Odiorne

The growth of managerial enterprise from
Colonial to modem times, its origins and devel-
opment and the individuals important in its
evolution. Prerequisites: 368 and one semester
of American history. For Juniors and Seniors
only.

MNB 368 The Managerial Enterprise

Concepts, theories and management styles of
contemporary managers. Communication,
motivation, planning, directing, controlling,
organizing. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior
standing.

MNB 276 An Introduction to Public
Administration

Basic concepts and processes, organization
theory, budgeting, personnel administration,
policy analysis, systems theory. Prerequisites:
introductory behavioral science course and
Sophomore or higher standing. Not offered
every year.

MNB 278 Business Law

Principles, rationale and application of busi-
ness law and regulations. Contracts, Uniform
Commercial Code, creditors' rights, labor,
torts and property, judicial and administrative
processes.

MNB 369 Principles of Marketing

Profs. Joseph Bearson, Jaqueline Nicholson

Principles, problems and methods in distribut-
ing and marketing goods and services. Pre-
requisites: ECB 281 and one introductory
behavioral science course, plus Junior or Sen-
ior standing.

MNB 370 Organizational Behavior and
Leadership

Prof Bart Tebbs

Major factors affecting behaxdor in organiza-
tions. Motivation, group and team dynamics,
macroorganizational factors, leadership. Pre-
requisite: Junior or Senior standing.

MNI 300 International Business and

Management

See International Education, London

Offerings.

MNB/C 32 IS Consumer Behavior and
Consumerism

Profs. Joseph Bearson, Jacqueline Nicholson

Contributions of the behavioral disciplines
(psychology, sociology, anthropology) to un-
derstanding the consumer decision-making
process. The impact and value issues of the
consumer movement.

MNB 372 Managerial Accounting

The information utilized by operating man-
agement in decision making: determination of
product cost and profitability, budgeting, pro-
fit planning, utilization of standard cost and
financial statement analysis.

MNB 373 Marketing Communications

Profs. Joseph Bearson, Jacqueline Nicholson

Processes and functions of promotion, stra-
tegies incorporating creative use of advertising,
publicity, merchandising, direct selling, and
sales promotion.

MNB 334C Industrial and Organizational
Anthropology

Prof Hendrick Serrie

Applications of anthropology in business,
industry, rural development programs, foreign
and domestic governmental agencies. Ethical/
moral problems. Field projects. Offered alter-
nate years.

MNB 374 Market Intelligence

Profs. Joseph Bearson, Jacqueline Nicholson

Collection and measurement of data on market
identification, sales forecasting and marketing
strategy development. Market research, cost/
revenue breakdowns, competitive analysis,
others. Prerequisite: MNB 369, BEB 260M.

Management

MNB 375 Marketing Channels and
Logistics

Prof. Joseph Bearson

Comparative marketing methods. Distributing
products to consumers with optimal efficiency
and economy. Prerequisite: 369.

MNB 376 Personnel Management

Managing human resources in an organization.
Behavioral concepts, specialization, staffing,
compensation, collective bargaining. Of value
to management, human resources and edu-
cation majors. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior
standing.

MNB 377 Finance: the Institutional
Perspective

Prof. Naueen Malhotra

A survey of financial markets and institutions
in both the public and private sectors and their
impact on society. Prerequisites: MNB 271
and 368, ECB 281 and 282, and Junior or
Senior standing.

MNB 378 Finance: the Investment
Perspective

Prof Naveen Malhotra

Exploration of financial operations in the
investment world with emphasis on the private
sector. Prerequisites: MNB 271 and 368,
ECB 281 and 282, and Junior or Senior
standing.

MNB 382 Intermediate Accounting II

Continuation in Intermediate Accounting for
those wishing more sophisticated material.
Prerequisite: MNB 381.

MNB 396/496 Personnel Planning and
Industry Research I, II

Prof William Pyle

Theory and practice of personnel and human
resources management (PHRM) planning and
applied research in organizations. Students
participate in ongoing industry research pro-
jects of the Human Resource Institute (e.g.,
personnel strategic planning, environmental
scanning for personnel functions such as re-
cruitment and training). Prerequisite: 376 and
permission of instructor.

MNB 410/498 Business Policy and
Strategic Management

The management comprehensive winter term
project in Business Policy and Strategic
Management will fulfill the Senior Seminar
requirement in management.

MNB 469 Federal Income Tax
Accounting

Tax liability determination, capital gains and
losses, corporation taxes. Subchapter S cor-
porations, partnership taxation. Outside as-
signments and case studies. Prerequisite:
371.

MNB 379 Retail Organization and
Management

Prof. Jacqueline Nicholson

Retail merchandising, promotions, physical
facilities, personnel, planning, pricing, legal-
ities, research techniques, store images, mar-
ket targets. Prerequisite: 369.

MNB 380 Professional Salesmanship

Prof Jacqueline Nicholson

Communication skills, buyers' motivations,
individual demonstrations of the basic steps
to selling, illustrating how selling is a catalyst
for the entire economy and for society in general.

MNB 381 Intermediate Accounting I

The use of accounting data in directing and
controlling a company's operation. Product
cost and line profitability, budgeting, profit
planning, cost and financial statement analysis.

MNB 471 Advanced Accounting

Interpretation and application of recent pro-
nouncements of the Financial Accounting Stan-
dards Board. Balance sheets, income, changes
in financial position, financial disclosure state-
ments. Prerequisite: 371.

MNB 472 Fairness in Selecting and
Evaluating Employees

Prof Bart Tebbs

Ethical, legal and organizational considera-
tions, Wanous Model, discrimination, test and
evaluation fairness. Prerequisites: BEB 260M
or MAN 133 and one behavioral science intro-
ductory course.

Marine Science

MNB 474 Organizational Development
and Behavior Management: an
Introduction and Comparison

Prof. Bart Tebbs

Behavioral science principles and practices
applied to organizational effectiveness and
behavior modification. For management, psy-
chology, human resources and education
majors. Prerequisites: Senior standing and
permission of instructor.

MNB 475 Investment Analysis

Profs. Ted Dowd, Naueen Malhotra

Advanced investment course focusing on in-
depth analysis of specific investment alterna-
tives using the computer and other sophisti-
cated techniques. Prerequisites: 377 or 378.

MNB 477 Entrepreneurship

Prof Ted Dowd

Study of talents, qualities, values and expertise
necessary to conduct profit and non-profit
ventures contributing to society. Entrepre-
neurial project. Prerequisites: 278, 369, 377
or 378, and instructor's permission.

MNB 479 Corporate Finance

Profs. Ted Dowd, Naueen Malhotra

An advanced finance course dealing with
foundations of financial management used in
organization decision making. Prerequisites:
272, 377 or 378, and instructor's permission.

MNB 480 Proctoring in Management

Prof George Odiorne

For Senior management majors, leadership
experience as group trainers using study groups
from the Managerial Enterprise course. Pref-
erence given to students who have completed
comps; others by permission of instructor.

MNB/IBC 485 International Marketing

MNB/IBC 486 International Finance and
Banking

For description see International Business.

MNB 496 Personnel Planning and
Industry Research II

For description see MNB 396.

MNB 498/410 Business Policy and
Strategic Management

For description see MNB 410/498.

MARINE SCIENCE

The marine science major provides both an
integrative science background and specialized
foundation work especially suitable for stu-
dents planning professional careers in marine
fields.

Required for a B.S. are: Marine Inverte-
brates, Marine Geology, Concepts of Chem-
istry I and II, Calculus I, Fundamentals of
Physics I and II, Descriptive Physical Ocean-
ography, and Chemical Oceanography. In ad-
dition, the specified courses in one of the
following tracks must be included: Marine
Biology — Marine Botany, Cell Biology, Ecol-
ogy or Marine Vertebrates, Genetics, Physi-
ology, Statistics and an approved mathematics
course. Marine Chemistry — Organic Chem-
istry I and n. Analytical Chemistry, Physical
Chemistry I, Experimental Chemistry I, Cal-
culus II and Marine Geochemistry. Marine
Geophysics — Introductory Geology, Calculus
n and ni. Differential Equations, Classical
Mechanics, Exploration Geophysics, and
Structural Geology.

Required for a B.A. are: an introductory
oceanography course, and eleven other courses
from the above list, of which at least three
must be at the 300-400 level.
All marine science majors are urged to incor-
porate Sea Semester into their Junior or Senior
year, or participate in an alternative field ex-
perience, possibly during winter term.

A minor in marine science consists of five
courses approved for marine science, including
at least one from each defined track. These
must not duplicate those used by students to
satisfy major requirements.

MSN 119E Introduction to Oceanography

Prof David Jennings

For both science and non-science students.
Biological interactions in oceans and how they
are affected by physical, chemical and geolog-
ical forces. Laboratory and field exercises. ,

MSN 207E Introduction to Geology

Prof William Sayre

Mineralogy, crustal movements, volcanism,
ground and surface water, glaciation; history
of the earth, its inhabitants and surface fea-
tures.

Marine Science

MSN 208E Environmental Geology

Prof. William Sayre

Geological hazards and our use and abuse of
the earth. Methods of preservation, conser-
vation and sustained yield.

MSN 242 Marine Geology

Prof. William Sayre

Geological history of the oceanic environment.
Marine geological and geophysical exploration
techniques. Provides complete introduction
to geological oceanography.

MSN 301 Chemical Oceanography

Prof David Jennings

Major, minor and micronutrient elements and
dissolved gasses. dissolved and particulate
organic compounds in seawater; formation of
deep-sea sediments and the geochemistry of
sediments. The ocean as a chemically unified
syatem embracing the hydrosphere, biosphere
and geosphere. Prerequisites: CHN 121 and
122.

MSN 303 Exploration Geophysics

Prof William Sayre

A laboratory course in theory, methods and
appUcations; computer methods and geolog-
ical applications emphasized. Prerequisites:
Calculus II and MSN 207E or 242.

MSN 305 Marine Stratigraphy and
Sedimentation

Prof William Sayre

Facies and basin analysis, sedimentary tec-
tonics. Interpretation of clastic and chemical
sedimentary rocks to infer processes, environ-
ments, and tectonic settings in the marine en-
vironment. Prerequisite: 207E or 242.

MSN 307 Marine Geochemistry

Prof David Jennings

Sources of pollutants and products of erosion
in the sea, processes of removal, radiometric
dating of sediments, porewater chemistry and
sediment diagnosis. Practical field and lab
techniques. Prerequisites: CHN 121 and
122.

everyday phenomena such as cloud forma-
tions, rainbows, mirages and halos. Weather
folklore and allusions in literature, and the
effect of weather on history.

MSN 342 Descriptive Physical
Oceanography

Prof Dauid Jennings

Physical properties of seawater, distributions
of water characteristics in the oceans, water,
salt and heat budgets, circulation and water
masses, waves and tides, coastal oceanogra-
phy. Prerequisite: PHN 241 or permission of
instructor.

MSN 404 Structural Geology

Prof William Sayre

Folding and faulting, stress and strain, elas-
ticity, flexture, heat transfer, and rheology of
rocks. Prerequisites: Calculus II and MSN
207Eor242.

MSN 408/NAN 410 Marine Science
Seminar (2-year sequence)

Topical problems in all disciplines of marine
science. Junior and Senior marine science
majors participate for one course credit.
Sophomores are invited to attend.

For other courses meeting marine science
requirements, see Biology, Chemistry,
Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Sea
Semester.

MARKETING

A marketing concentration may be elected by
a student as a skill area within the management
major. Students electing to do so must meet
requirements for the management major. See
Management for descriptions of those re-
quirements and courses.

MSN 308E Introductory Meteorology

Prof David Jennings

The origin of the atmosphere, the scientific
principles underlying weather patterns, and

Mathematics

MATHEMATICS

The basic requirement for either the B.A. or
B.S. degree is the completion of eight math-
ematics courses numbered above 233. Inde-
pendent study courses in special topics in
mathematics also may be used in satisfying
this requirement. This wide flexibility permits
a program of study to be tailored to the indi-
vidual student's interests. The Mathematical
Sciences Seminar is required in the Junior and
Senior years. All mathematics courses taken
are applicable to the collegial requirement of
1 2 natural science courses for the B.A. degree,
and 16 natural science courses for the B.S.
degree.

A minor in mathematics requires completion
of five mathematics courses of which at least
three are numbered above 233.

MAN lOlM College Algebra

Polynomial algebraic and rational functions
and their properties. Analytical geometry/
sketching graphs, zeros of functions, mathe-
matical induction, equations and inequalities.

MAN 103M Trigonometry

Functions and their graphs: inverses, expo-
nential and logarithmic functions, proving
identities, solving equations and developing
complex numbers. Prerequisite: lOlM or two
years of high school algebra.

MAN 104M Mathematics for Liberal Arts

AppUcationsofmathematics to real problems:
graphing, equations and inequalities, proba-
bility, statistics, consumer mathematics, use
of computer. Students will use calculators.

MAN 105M Precalculus Mathematics

A combination of college algebra and trigo-
nometry to the depth necessary for the study
of calculus. Use of calculators is expected.

MAN/MNB 120 Quantitative Methods
for Economics and Management

A variety of mathematical tools are studied
which are useful in helping managers and econ-
omists make decisions. Prerequisite: lOlM,
105M or placement at the 13 IM level.

MAN 131M Calculus I

First in two course sequence. Applications to
physical sciences and economics. Prerequisite:

10 IM, 105M or four years of high schoo
mathematics with no grade below B in last twc
years.

MAN 132 Calculus II

Continuation of Calculus I. Exponential, loga
rithmic and trigonometric functions, forma
intergration techniques and applications
Taylor polynomials and infinite series. Pre
requisite: 131M.

MAN 133 Statistics, an Introduction

Probability and statistics, and their uses in th(
natural sciences. Prerequisite: 13 IM. Credi
will be given for only one of MAN 133 or BEE
260M.

MAN 143 Discrete Mathematics

Algorithms, induction, graphs, digraphs, per-
mutations, combinations; introduction tc
probability, logic. Boolean algebra, difference
equations. Emphasis on discrete rather thar
continuous aspects. Prerequisite: 13 IM.

MAN 233 Calculus III

Three-dimensional analytic geometry, partia
and directional derivatives, extrema of functions
of several variables, multiple integrations.
Prerequisite: 132.

MAN 234 Differential Equations

Existence and uniqueness theorem, lineai
differential equations of second or highei
orders, Frobenius and Laplace methods, nu-
merical methods for solving differential equa-
tions. Prerequisite: 132.

MAN 236 Linear Algebra

Vector spaces, linear transformations, ma-
trices, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and system!
of linear equations. Prerequisites: 13 IM and
permission of instructor, or 132.

MAN 237 Combinatorial Mathematics

Topics fundamental to applied mathematics
that deal with finite or discrete sets. Prereq-j
uisite: 132.

MAN 238 Optimization Techniques

Maximization and minimization with and with-
out constraints; introduction to linear and non-
linear programming. Prerequisite: 233 or 236
and permission of instructor.

Mathematics

MAN 333 Probability and Statistics I

Probability theory, random variables and
sampling, distribution functions, point and
interval estimation, regression theory, non-
parametric tests and mathematical develop-
ment of topics. Prerequisite: 132 or permis-
sion of instructor. Offered alternate years.

MAN 334 Probability and Statistics II

Continuation of MAN 333, which is prereq-
uisite. Offered alternate years.

MAN 335 Abstract Algebra I

Two-course sequence. Naive set theory, inte-
gers, groups, rings, integral domains, vector
spaces, development of fields. Prerequisite:
132 or 236. Offered alternate years.

MAN 336 Abstract Algebra II

Continuation of MAN 335, which is prereq-
uisite. Offered alternate years.

MAN 337 Foundations of Geometry

Euclidian and non-Euclidian geometry with
axiomatic approach. Appropriate for prospec-
tive teachers. Prerequisite: 132 or permission
of instructor.

MAN 338 Graph Theory

Gives students a better abihty for proving
theorems, solving problems using graphs, and
a foundation for those wanting to continue in
graduate work in computer science or applied
mathematics. Prerequisite: 236.

MAN 341 Numerical Analysis

Students are assumed to know a programming
language such as PASCAL or BASIC, or be
able to use programmable pocket calculator
with permanent memory. Prerequisite: 233 or
permission of instructor.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars and

NAN 438.

MAN 433 Real Analysis I

First in two-course sequence. The real num-
bers as a complete ordered field, derivatives,
Riemann integrals, Euclidean n-space, partial
derivatives, vector-valued functions of vector
variables, multiple, infinite, Une and surface

integrals, infinite series, Green's and Stoke's
theorems. Prerequisite: 233. Offered in alter-
nate years.

MAN 434 Real Analysis II

Continuation of MAN 433, which is prereq-
uisite. Offered alternate years.

NAN 438/410 Mathematical Sciences
Seminar (2-year sequence)

Required of all Juniors and Seniors who are
majoring in physics, computer science, and
mathematics. AppUcation of the mathematical
sciences with nature and folklore included.

MAN 499 Independent Research —
Thesis

Senior mathematics majors may, upon invi-
tation of the mathematics faculty, do research
and write a thesis under the direction of a
member of that faculty.
See also Computer Science.

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

The Medical Technology program offers stu-
dents a B.S. or B.A. degree by completing
three years of general studies here and a fourth
year of professional course work at a hospital
which has been approved by the Council on
Medical Education of The American Medical
Association.

The general studies program at Eckerd College
must include a minimum of eleven courses in
the Natural Sciences which are required for
certification: four courses in biology (including
microbiology and immunology); four courses
in chemistry (including organic), one course in
mathematics (normally calculus), and two
courses in physics. Completion of the all-
college general education requirements is
expected of all graduates. Senior general edu-
cation courses should be taken in advance.
The professional course work taken during the
Senior year requires that the student spend 1 2
months in training at a certified hospital to
which he/she has gained admission. The stu-
dent receives college credit for the laboratory
courses taken in that clinical setting. The bac-
calaureate is awarded on successful comple-
tion of this course work with a major in inter-
disciplinary science.

Music

In addition, the student receives certification
by the American Society of Clinical Pathol-
ogists (ASCP) after passing an official exam-
ination. Supervision of clinical course work
during the Senior year is carried out by a Pro-
gram Director (an M.D. certified in clinical
pathology by the American Board of Pathology)
and an Educational Coordinator (a medical
technologist certified by the Registry of Medical
Technologists). At Bayfront Medical Center,
where we have sent most of our students, the
program is supervised by Larry J. Davis, M.D.,
and Susan Durand, M.T. (ASCP).

METEOROLOGY

For description see Marine Science.

MILITARY SCIENCE

MLR 100 Introduction to Military
Science

Prof. Kevin Keating

Mission, organization and contemporary issues
of the U.S. Army. Leadership techniques, in-
ternational relations. Possible career opportun-
ities. A two semester course for one credit.

MLR 200 Military Leadership

Prof. Kevin Keating

Principles of leadership and accomplishing
goals under adverse conditions. Classroom
and laboratories. A two- semester course for
one semester credit.

MODERN LANGUAGES

A major in modern languages consists of a
minimum of eight courses above the elemen-
tary level in a primary language, with a Senior
thesis or comprehensive exam in that lan-
guage, plus four courses in a secondary lan-
guage above the elementary level, as deter-
mined by the individual disciplines. The over-
all comprehensive exam will include the
secondary language. The examining committee
will consist of professors of both languages,
and the proficiencies examined on the courses
taken will be: understanding, speaking, reading
and writing. It is strongly recommended that
students include elective courses that are re-
lated to the languages pursued. A minimum of
one month of residence abroad in the environ-
ment of the primary foreign language is advised.

MUSIC

The major in music consists of Comprehen-
sive Musicanship courses I, 11, IE, IV, V and
VI, plus two additional music courses. In addi-
tion, a student must be enrolled for one hour
per week in appHed music instruction and par-
ticipation in one of the ensemble programs,
operating through the music discipline during ^
each term of residency.

A minor in music shall consist of a minimum of
five courses: Comprehensive Musician I; two
other Comprehensive Musicianship courses;
one course elected from the discipline's offer-
ings approved by the discipline faculty to ensure
balance in the student's program; and one
performance course. The performance course
may be either an applied music or ensemble
course, or a combination of the two for one
semester each. A student may elect to take
more than one performance course, but only
one will be credited toward the minor in
music.

MUA 145 Comprehensive Musicianship L
for Majors

Prof Marion Smith

Fundamentals of tonal harmony, practice in
four-part chordal writing, sightreading, ear
training and analysis of simple homophonic
styles. Two one-hour labs in aural skills re-
quired each week.

MUA 221 A Introduction to Music
Literature

Prof Joan Epstein

The best and most significant music of the
West approached stylistically and historically,
with special focus on Stravinsky's Petrushka.
Not intended for music majors.

MUA 224 Jazz, its Music and Style

Prof Joan Epstein

Roots and developments of jazz, with emphasis
on such innovators and synthesizers as Louis
Armstrong, Thelonius Monk and Sonny Rol-
lins.

MUA 226A American Music and Values

Prof. Joan Epstein

Impact of the American pioneer experience on
folk, popular and art music. Slave songs to
electronic works. Freshmen discouraged from
enrolling.

MUA 242 Comprehensive Musicianship
II: Medieval and Renaissance Music

Prof. Marion Smith

History, theory, performance practices and
cultural context of Western music from the
start of the Christian era to 1600. Prerequisite:
145 or equivalent.

MUA 245 Choral Literature and
Ensemble

Prof. Marion Smith

Study and performance of masterworks of
choral music. Concerts given both on and off
campus. Chamber chorus chosen from mem-
bership of the larger group. Two semesters
required for one course credit. Admission by
audition with instructor.

MUA 246 Instrumental Ensemble

Prof Joan Epstein

Participation in small ensembles for strings,
brass or woodwinds. Repertoire from Renais-
sance to present. Four hours per week for two
semesters earns one course credit Permission
of instructor required.

MUA 266/7 Music Projects I

Opportunities for study in special topics in
perf"ormance, research, and areas of study not
provided for in regular semester courses, by
permission of instructor.

MUA 341 Comprehensive Musicianship
III: the Baroque Period

Prof Marion Smith

The literature and associated stylistic analysis
of music from Monteverdi through Bach (c.
1600-1750). Prerequisite: 145 or permission
of instructor.

MUA 342 Comprehensive Musicianship
rV: Music of the Classic Period

F*rof Joan Epstein

Development of 18th century classical style
through the music of Haydn, Mozart and
Beethoven. Prerequisites: 145, 242, and 341
or permission of instructor.

MUA 350 (Directed Study) 20th Century
Music

Prof Joan Epstein

Important works by major composers of this
century, Ustening to recordings of their works,

Music

along with the history of the period. Open to all
students; ability to read standard musical scor-
ing at minimal level helpful.

MUA 361 Advanced Tonal Harmony

Prof Marion Smith

A continuation of MUA 145, from modulatory
techniques through the chromaticism of the
late 19th century. Two one-hour labs in aural
skills required each week. Permission of in-
structor required.

MUA 366/7 Music Projects II

Prof Marion Smith

For advanced music students who wish to pur-
sue work on specialized topics in depth, includ-
ing composition. Permission of instructor
required.

MUA 442 Applied Music

Studio instruction in voice, piano, organ, string,
brass and woodwind instruments. One private
lesson, one hour class meeting, and a mini-
mum of six hours per week individual practice
required for two semesters, for one course
credit. Permission of instructor required.

MUA 443 Comprehensive Musicianship
V: The Romantic Period — the 19th
Century

Prof Marion Smith

A study of the music of the 19th century from
late Beethoven through Schubert, Brahms,
Chopin and Wagner, among others. Prereq-
uisite: 145 or permission of instructor.

MUA 444 Comprehensive Musicianship
VI: Contemporary Period

Prof Joan Epstein

Beginning with Debussy, contemporary music
through the various mainstream composers.
Post World War 11 events, such as aleatoric,
electronic and computerized composition are
included. Prerequisite: 145 or permission of
instructor.

Philosophy

PERSONNEL AND HUMAN
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(PHRM)

A concentration in personnel and human re-
sources management may be elected by a stu-
dent as a skill area within the management
major. Students electing to do so must meet
requirements for the management major. The
PHRM concentration should not be confused
with the human resources major which is de-
signed to prepare students for the helping
fields.

See Management.

PHILOSOPHY

Students majoring in philosophy will develop
with their Mentor a program of study including
a minimum of eight courses, including one
logic course and one ethics course; at least
theee courses from the History of Philosophy
series (other philosophy courses with a signif-
icant historical component may be substituted
upon approval of the philosophy faculty);
Contemporary Philosophical Methodology;
and other upper level courses focused on the
student's particular philosophical interests. In
addition, philosophy majors are expected to
take complementary courses in other disci-
plines that will provide background and breadth
in their program of study.

A minor in philosophy consists of five philo-
sophy courses, to be approved by the philo-
sophy coordinator.

PLL 101 Introduction to Philosophy

Analyze philosophical issues concerning human
nature, our relationship to the world around
us, and major philosophical issues of value and
meaning. Study works of several great philo-
sophers to help students develop their own
views.

PLL 102M Introduction to Logic

Prof. Peter Pav
Methods of critical and logical analysis of
language and thought. Helps develop critical,
analytical reasoning and linguistic precision.

PLL 220 Existentialism

Prof. Bruce Foltz

A provocatively modem approach to many of
the issues of the philosophical tradition; the

existential foundations of art, religion, science j
and technology. j

PLL 230 Philosophy of Religion

The conceptual aspects of religion: natural
and supernatural, religious experience, sources
of religious knowledge, faith and reason in the
past and future. Offered alternate years.

PLL 2418 Ethics

Prof. Judith Green
Various systems for judging good and bad,
right and wrong. Definitions of the good life, •
ethical theories and their application to issues
such as abortion, civil rights, war and peace
censorship, etc.

PLL/MNB 242S Ethics of Management:
Theory and Practice

Prof Judith Green
For description see Management.

PLL 243E Environmental Ethics

Prof Bruce Foltz

A philosophical investigation of our relation-
ship to the natural environment, and how these
considerations affect our moral obligations to
other people, as well as future generations.

PLL 244 Social and Political Philosophy

Prof. Judith Green

Major social and political theories that have
been influential in the West. Contemporary
political theory examined in light of classical •
tradition and historical movements. Offered |
alternate years. ;

PLL 261 A Philosophy and Film

Prof Judith Green
Viewing films, discussing them, and readinjf
philosophical essays about film, art, believing,
and the difficulties of living well. How themes
from some major contemporary films reflect
persisting philosophical themes.

PLL 263A Aesthetics

Prof Judith Green

Examine various answers to questions asked
from ancient times by philosophers, artists
and other thoughtful people about the nature
of art, beauty, and the role of the arts and
artists in society.

Philosophy

PLL311 Major Philosophers

An intensive study of a single major philoso-
pher. May be taken more than once for credit
with focus on different philosophers.

PLL 312 American Philosophy

Major trends and emphases in American phil-
osophy from the colonial period to the 20th
century. Prerequisite: some background in the
humanities or permission of instructor.

PLL 321 History of Philosophy: Greek
and Roman

The rise of philosophy, 600 B.C.-A.D. 100,
with emphasis on natural philosophy. Pre-
Socratics, Sophists, Stoics, Epicureans, Plato
and Aristotle. Offered alternate years.

PLL 322 History of Philosophy: Medieval
and Renaissance

Philosophical thought from ebb of Rome
through rise of modern Europe, including
developments in Jewish and/or Islamic, and
Christian philosophy. Faith and reason, realism
and nominalism, mysticism and rationalism,
Platonism and Aristotelianism. Offered alter-
nate years.

PLL323 History of Philosophy: 17th-18th
Century

Descartes through Kant as response to the
Scientific Revolution. Comparison of rational-
ism and empiricism. Offered alternate years.

PLL 324 History of Philosophy: 19th
Century

Kant, German Idealism, Utilitarianism, social
and scientific philosophy, existentialism,
Hegel, Schopenhauer, Marx, Kierkegaard,
Nietzsche, others. Offered alternate years.

PLL 325 History of Science

Prof. Peter Pav

Physical science from 600 B.C.-A.D. 1700.
Major discoveries and scientists, different
approaches to science, the interrelationship
between science and society.

taken more than once for credit with different
topics.

PLL 342 20th Century Philosophical
Movements

Development of philosophical analysis and
existentialism as the two main philosophical
movements of the 20th century. Freshmen
require permission of instructor. Offered alter-
nate years.

PLL 344 Varieties of Marxism

Prof. Judith Green

Selections from Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky,
Stalin; Chinese, Latin American and European
interpretations of Marx. Some background in
philosophy, economics or political theory re-
quired. Offered alternate years.

PLL 345 Symbolic Logic

Prof Peter Pav

Logic as an object of study, not an inferential
tool. Derivability, completeness, analyticity,
categoricity and consistency. Prerequisite:
102M or permission of instructor. Offered
alternate years.

PLL 348 Philosophical Theology

Prof. Bruce Foltz

A philosophical study of the nature of God and
the relation of God and world, based on read-
ings from early Greek philosophy to the present

PLL 360 Philosophy of Science

Prof. Peter Pav

Recent controversies on the scientific expla-
nation between formal logical analysis and the
informal, heuristic aproach. Analysis of laws
and theories. Examples from the history of
science. Offered alternate years.

PLL 361 Contemporary Ethical Theory

Prof Judith Green

Major contemporary schools of thought in
moral philosophy. Prerequisite: some back-
ground in philosophy, reUgious studies, psy-
chology, literature or related disciplines.

PLL 33 1/332 Special Topics in Philosophy

Philosophical study of one or more aspects of
culture, such as sport, unorthodox science,
sexuality, mass communication, artificial in-
telligence, literature and technology. May be

Physical Education

PLL 362 Contemporary Political
Philosophy

Prof. Judith Green

Major contemporary schools of thought in po-
litical philosophy. Prerequisite: some back-
ground in philosophy, political science, history,
economics, American studies or literature.

PLL 363 Philosophy of Economics

Prof. Judith Green

Comparison of two competing schools of
thought in contemporary poUtical economy
that have developed from classical statements
of their positions in the works of Adam Smith
and Karl Marx, and their implications for
human welfare.

PLL 365 Philosophy of History

Prof Bruce Foltz

Consideration of the meaning of history and
such questions as: is history leading anywhere?
does it result in anything genuinely new, or is it
an "eternal recurrence of the same"?

PLL 366 Philosophy of Political
Transformation

Prof Judith Green

Human needs and social justice, barriers to
the realization of human dignity and rights,
relative justifiability of alternate methods of
social change, case studies in social change.
Seminar course emphasizing extensive student
responsibility.

PLL 403 Contemporary Philosophical
Methodologies

Intensive investigation of philosophical meth-
odologies, designed to help students practice
philosophy in an original manner. Emphasis
on independent study. Prerequisite: one or
more upper-level philosophy course or per-
mission of instructor. May be taken more than
once for credit in order to study different
methodologies.

LTL 30 1 A A Nation of Poets andThinkers:

Art and Philosophy in Modern German

Culture

For description see Aesthetic Perspective

Courses.

LTL/NAN 283 E The Growth and Nature
of Scientific Views

LTL 303E The Scientific Revolution and
Human Values «

For descriptions see Environmental Perspec- |
tive Courses.

PHILOSOPHY/RELIGION

A major in philosophy/religion will include
eleven courses, five in philosophy, five in reli-
gious studies, and Philosophy of Religion. The
program will ordinarily culminate in a Senior
thesis. Required courses in philosophy are: two
from 101, 102M, 241; two from321, 322, 323,
324; one other upper-level course. Required
courses in religious studies are: 20 IS; one
from 203C, 204C; three other upper-level
courses. Additional upper-level courses in each
discipline are recommended, and any change
in these requirements must have the approval
of faculty of both disciplines.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

PEB 121 Principles of Physical Education

Prof James Harley

Investigating physical education as a career.
Minimum 20 hours in local schools in pre-
internship program. Personal interview re-
quired. Open to upperclass students.

PEB 123 Fitness and Skills

Prof James Hariey

Introduction to many skills, with emphasis on
promoting a lifetime of physical activity through
at least one skill. Vigorous exercise program
for the entire year. Medical clearance required.
Open to upperclass students.

PEB 321 Athletic Coaching

Prof John Mayotte

Social-psychological problems of coaching
today, the role of sports, developing a philo-
sophy of coaching. Sports programs from youth
leagues to collegiate athletics. Teaching styles,
training, sports psychology.

The following activities are available, but
do not carry course credit'

Red Cross Advanced First Aid and

Emergency Care

Red Cross Beginning Swimming

Red Cross Intermediate and Swimmer

Courses

Physics

Red Cross Advanced Lifesaving
Red Cross Water Safety Instructor
Beginning Tennis
Advanced Tennis

PHYSICS

For the B.A. degree, students majoring in
physics normally take the following courses:
Fundamental Physics I, II, III, Electronics,
Classical Mechanics, Electricity and Magne-
tism, Quantum Physics I, Calculus I, II, III. For
the B.S. degree, additional courses normally
included are Quantum Physics II and selected
advanced mathematics courses, along with
Senior Thesis, and Concept in Chemistry I, II.
The Mathematical Sciences Seminar is re-
quired in the Junior and Senior years. Students
may arrange independent or directed study
courses in advanced subjects to suit their
needs.

PHN 241 Fundamental Physics I

Prof. Wilbur Block

Three course sequence, Fundamental Physics
I, II, ni, presents a contemporary view of con-
cepts in elementary form. Prerequisite: MAN
131M or permission of insructor.

PHN 242 Fundamental Physics II

Prof. Harry Ellis

Second of elementary physics sequence. Pre-
requisite: 241 or permission of instructor.

PHN 243 Fundamental Physics III

Prof. Harry Ellis

Continuation of elementary physics sequence.
Prerequisite: 242 or permission of instructor.

PHN 341 Classical Mechanics

Prof Wilbur Block

Particles and rigid bodies, elastic media,
waves, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formula-
tions of dynamics. Prerequisites: PHN 242
and MAN 234 or permission of instructor.

PHN 342 Electricity and Magnetism

Prof. Harry Ellis

Maxwell's equations in the study of electric
and magnetic fields, AC and DC circuits. Elec-
tromagnetic wave theory introduced. Prereq-
uisites: PHN 242 and MAN 234 or permission
of instructor.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars and
NAN 438 below.

NAN 438/410 Mathematical Sciences
Seminar (2 Year Sequence)

Required of all Juniors and Seniors majoring
in physics, computer science and mathematics.
For description see Mathematics.

PHN 443 Quantum Physics I

Prof Harry Ellis

Modern quantum theory and relativity. Com-
parison of classical and quantum results.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

PHN 444 Quantum Physics II

Prof Harry Ellis

Three-dimensional wave equation and appli-
cation to hydrogen atoms. Identical particles
introduced with emphasis on low-energy scat-
tering. Prerequisite: 433 or permission of
instructor.

PHN 499 Independent Research —
Thesis

Outstanding students majoring in physics nor-
mally are invited to engage in active research
and to prepare a thesis in lieu of a Senior
comprehensive exam.

NAN 204 Electronics

Prof Wilbur Block

Electronic circuit theory utilizing modem
electronic techniques and instrumentation.

NAN 205 Descriptive Astronomy

Prof Wilbur Block

Origin and evolution of the solar system, and
our relationship to the universe. Telescopic
observation sessions of moon, planets and
stars.

NAN 209E Our Environment: The
Universe

NAN 244E Energy and Environment

NAN 282E The Long Journey

For description see Environmental
Perspective Courses.

Political Science

DIRECTED STUDIES

NAN 150 (Directed Study) The
Universe

Prof. Irving Foster

A non-mathematical study of creation and
evolution, starting with the Big Bang theory
and concentrating on the physical universe.

NAN 151 (Directed Study) The World of
Life

Prof. Irving Foster

The creation of life, the evolutionary history of
the biosphere, and the study of life in com-
munities provide an overview of life on earth,
past and present.

NAN 251 (Directed Study) The Futures of
Humanity: Worlds of Science Fiction

F^of Irving Foster

Student will gain an awareness of the many
possible futures which can grow from the
potentialities already present, through a study
of science fiction.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Students majoring in political science will
affiliate with either the Letters or Behavioral
Science Collegium, depending on their indi-
vidual career or research plans. Both require
the completion of Introduction to American
National Government and Politics, and either
Introduction to Comparative Government or
Introduction to International Relations. Be-
yond the two introductory courses, all students
must complete six additional non-introductory
political science courses including at least one
from each member of the political science
faculty. All political science majors must also
complete Statistical Methods and the political
science senior seminar. Students with specific
career or research interests not adequately
covered by the discipline can substitute one
course from another discipline for one upper-
level political science course with prior ap-
proval of the political science faculty. Stu-
dents are encouraged to use one winter term to
explore their career or research interests
through an appropriate internship. With the
approval of the political science faculty, one
winter term internship can fulfill a political
sceince major requirement.

Students may also earn a minor in political
science with successful completion of POL

102S,eitherPOBl03CorPOB104C,andany
four additional non-introductory courses spread
across the political science faculty.

POL 102S Introduction to American
National Government and Politics

Prof Robert Wigton

American democratic theory, political parties,
interest groups, presidential selection and
functions. Congress, Supreme Court, federal
bureaucracy, and several major areas of policy
making conducted by the national government

POB 103C Introduction to International
Relations

Fi-of Anthony Brunello

National and international political relation-
ships, origins of war, the international system,
rich and poor nations and the politics of hunger,
and alternate concepts to the present system.

POB 104C Introduction to Comparative
Politics

Issues of the past three decades through exam-
ination of Britain, France, Germany, USSR
and Mexico, laying the foundation for further
study in comparative politics and/or inter-
national relations.

POL 20 IS Civil Liberties

Prof Robert Wigton

The interplay of politics and social and eco-
nomic conditions, and the law in such areas as
free speech, religion, race and sex discrimi-
nation, loyalty, poverty, and fair governmental
procedures.

POL 202 Public Policy-Making in America

Prof Robert Wigton

Introduction to the general policy-making
process. Formulation of new policies and pro-
grams, implementation, evaluation of federal ,
programs. Policy areas such as unemployment
and environment.

POB 21 IC U.S. Foreign Policy and Latin
America

Historical examination of continuities and
changes in U.S. policy toward Latin America
from Manifest Destiny to Reagan's "secret
war" in Central America, from a range of ideo-
logical and scholarly perspectives. Prerequisite:
POB 103C.

Political Science

POB 221 Revolution and Political
Development

Prof. Anthony Brunello

Causes and nature of political violence and
revolution as related to human behavior theory.
Theories on causes of revolution, concepts of
liberation, consequences and responsibilities
of interstate relations during times of crisis.
Recommended: POL 102S and either POB
103Corl04C.

POL 301 The Constitution and Govern-
ment Power

Prof. Robert Wigton

Constitutional power bases of judicial, execu-
tive and legislative branches of national govern-
ment, analysis of major constitutional issues
of federalism and powers of the states. Supreme
Court decisions. Prerequisite: POL 102S.

POL 302 The Constitution and Individual
Rights

Prof Robert Wigton

Examining those portions of the Constitution
dealing with relations between the individual
and the government (the Bill of Rights, due
process, equal protection, privileges and
immunities, etc.). Prerequisite: POL 102S.

POL 303 The American Presidency

Prof Robert Wigton

The Presidency as a political and constitu-
tional office, its growth and development from
Washington to the present. Prerequisite: POL
102S.

POL 304 U.S. Congress

Prof Robert Wigton

The U.S. legislative process with major atten-
tion to the Senate and House of Representa-
tives. Roles of lawmakers, legislative behavior,
and representative government in theory and
fact. Prerequisite: POL 102S.

POL 305 Political Parties and Interest
Groups

Prof Robert Wigton

Party organization and functions at national,
state and county levels, and other institutions
and activities competing for party functions.
Prerequisite: two courses in U.S. politics or
history or social organization.

POB 311 Latin American Political Systems

Historical overview of Latin American political
development from the Spanish conquest to
20th century, comparison of political systems
and people, and future prospects. Prerequ-
isite: POL 102S and either POB 103C or 104C.

POB 312 Politics of Underdevelopment

An introduction to the politics of underde-
velopment in Asia, Africa and Latin America,
focusing on the causes and consequences of
poverty.

POB 313 Seminar in Democratic
Principles

The philosophical roots of democratic theory,
theoretical requisites of a democratic society
and their practical political/economic implica-
tions in the modem world. Prerequisite: POL
102S and two other political science courses.

POB 32 1 C Comparative European Politics

Prof Anthony Brunello

Parties, interest groups, political movements,
major institutions of government, as well as
culture, history and contemporary political
problems. POB 104C recommended or in-
structor's permission.

POB 322 Authoritarian Political Systems

Prof. Anthony Brunello

Structure and emergence of 20th century
authoritarian regimes, including Fascism,
corporatism, military governments, one- party
Communist states and personalist dictator-
ships. A previous political science course is
highly recommended.

POB 323 International Relations: Crises
in World Politics

Prof. Anthony Brunello

Problems and origins of conflict among sov-
ereign states in the contemporary world. Origins
of war and cold war. Modem characteristics of
international politics. Previous study of political
science helpful, particularly American politics.

POB 410 Senior Seminar: The U.S. and
the Vietnam Experience

History of U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia
and impact of the Vietnam experience on U.S.
policy making in the 1980s. Causes of war,
international mechanisms for conflict resolution,
comparative development strategies and Third
World political systems.

Psychology

POB 411 Research Strategies in
Comparative Politics

Advanced seminar focusing on methods of
inquiry, and tracing changes in questions,
assumptions and goals underlying post- 1945
comparative politics. Prerequisite: Senior
level course for political science majors. Juniors
admitted with permission of instructor.

POB 421 Comparative Judicial Politics

Prof. Anthony Brunello

Judicial politics across political systems. Re-
lationship among law, society and public policy
in European, socialist and non-Western sys-
tems. The inner workings, view of justice, and
social/cultural development of other civil so-
cieties. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing.

PORTUGUESE

PGC 101/2 Portuguese for Spanish
Speakers

Prof. Gerald Dreller

Brazilian Portuguese through drills in speak-
ing, writing and understanding both written
and spoken forms.

PSYCHOLOGY

Students majoring in psychology will complete
a common core of ten courses and a Senior
Seminar, normally taken in the following se-
quence:

Freshman year: Introduction to Psychology
(with a C or better), Statistical Methods (with
a C or better), Human Learning and Cogni-
tion.

Sophomore year: Introduction to Clinical
and Counseling Psychology, Psychology of
Childhood and Adolescence, Experimental
Psychology (with a C or better), Psychological
Tests and Measurements.

Junior year: Social Psychology, Biopsychol-
ogy. Personality Theory and Reasearch, Psy-
chology of Consciousness.

Senior year: History and Systems, and
development of an area of special competence
through advanced study, independent research,
special topics, advanced courses, practicum
experience where appropriate.

A minor in psychology must include PSB 201,
202, 205, 306, and PSA 308.

PSB lOlS Introduction to Psychology

Psychological processes, behavior, empirical
methods, statistical concepts, biopsychology,
learning, memory, cognition, motivation,
human development, personality, abnormal
behavior, social processes, values issues in
research and intervention in human lives.

PSB 201 Experimental Psychology

Prof James MacDougall

Research methodology, experiments, analysis
of data. Observational techniques, correlational
and laboratory methods. Prerequisites: PSB
101 S and BEB 260M with a C or better.

PSB 202 Psychology of Childhood and
Adolescence

Prof Jeffrey Howard

Integrative approach to physical/behavioral,
cognitive/intellectual, social/emotional devel-
opment from conception to the end of ado-
lescence. Prerequisite: lOlS with a C or
better.

PSB 203 Psychology of Adulthood and
Aging

Prof Jeffrey Howard

Personality, perceptual, physiological, intel-
lectual and social changes beyond adoles-
cence. Prerequisite: 10 IS with a C or better.

PSB 205 Human Learning and Cognition

Prof James MacDougall

Principles of human learning, thinking, crea-
tivity, formal reasoning, information process-
ing, problem solving and memory. Prerequi-
sites: 101 S with a C or better.

PSB 206S Personality and Adjustment

Prof Sal Capobianco

Theories of personality, their relevance to
everyday living, coping strategies, stress man-
agement, emotions and other topics on adjust-
ment. Application of psychological knowledge
to problems all of us face in our daily lives.

PS/EDA 207 Group Dynamics

For description see Education.

Psychology

PS/HRA 302 Gestalt Theory and Practice

Prof. Thomas West

A foundation stone in the human potential
process, serving therapy, personal growth,
education, creativity and self-awareness. Pre-
requisite: PSB 101 with a C or better or per-
mission of instructor. Offered alternate years.

PSB 302 Social Psychology

Prof. Mark Davis

The study of the individual in a social environ-
ment, group influence, past and present con-
cepts and research. Experimental approach to
understanding social forces which affect indi-
viduals. Prerequisites: PSB 10 IS and BEE
260M with a C or better.

PSB 306 Personality Theory and
Research

Prof Jeffrey Howard

Advanced course for psychology majors in the
study of classical and contemporary approaches
to personality. Prerequisites: lOlS, 201, and
307 with a C or better.

PSB 307 Psychological Tests and
Measurements

Reliability, vaUdity, psychological and mea-
surement assumptions underlying interviews,
self- report inventories, aptitude tests; major
instruments and their uses; ethical issues in
testing. Prerequisites: PSB 10 IS and BEB
260M with a C or better.

PS/HRA 308 Introduction to Clinical and
Counseling Psychology

Prof Thomas West

Overviewof the helping professions, personal-
ity theory, human development, processes of
counseUng/therapy, research, self-awareness
and assessment. Prerequisite: PSB 10 IS with
C or better, and HR A 1 1 , or permission of in-
structor.

PS/HRA 309 Behavior Disorders

Prof Thomas West

Behavior and states of consciousness judged
by society to be abnormal, deviant or unac-
ceptable, using such models for understanding
as the psychoanalytic, medical, behavioristic
and humanistic-existential. Prerequisites:
PSB 101 S with C or better and PS/HRA 308,
or permission of instructor.

PSB 309 Biopsychology

Prof Sal Capobianco

The application of neurological and neuro-
physical principles to understanding such
phenomena as consciousness, instinct, moti-
vation, learning, thought, language, memory,
emotion. Appropriate for Juniors and Seniors
with backgrounds in psychology or natural
sciences.

PS B 3 10 Research Seminar in Behavioral
Medicine

Prof James MacDougall

Students work as a research team to design,
conduct, analyze and write up an experiment;
an opportunity to conduct publishable research
in the field. Prerequisite: PSB 201 with C or
better.

PSB 320 Applications of Psychology

Prof Mark Davis

Applications to areas of health, legal system,
mass media, work settings, political process,
etc. to provide a broad view of psychology's
contributions to important issues of the modem
world. Prerequisite: PSB 101 S and BEB 260M,
with a C or better.

PSI 350 (Directed Study) Youth
Experience in a Changing Great Britain

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

PSA 383 S Psychology of Consciousness

Prof Thomas West

Psychology studies both behavior and con-
sciousness. This perspective emphasizes
consciousness, both normal and altered states.
Theory, resegirch, practices and new paradigms
of reality, health and creativity.

PSB 402 Research Seminar in
Psychology

Designed for students to do original research.
Prerequisites: PSB lOlS and BEB 260M with
a C or better, and PSB 20 1 or permission of in-
structor.

PS/HRA 403 Practicum in Peer

Counseling

PS/HRA 405 Practicum in Group Work

For descriptions see Human Resources.

Religious Studies

PSB 410 Senior Seminar: History and
Systems

Prof. Jeffrey Howard

A synthetic overview of the history and major
theoretical systems of modem psychology.
Prerequisites: Senior standing and major pre-
paration in psychology.

PS/EDA 421 Psychology for Education

For description see Education.

PSA/B 499 Independent Research —
Thesis

Psychology majors may elect to devise an
independent study project with one of the
faculty. Directed research leading to a Senior
thesis is available by invitation of the faculty
only.

RELIGION/PHILOSOPHY

See Philosophy/Religion.

RELIGIOUS STUDIES/
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Students majoring in religious studies must
take the basic course, Introduction to Religious
Studies, and at least two courses from each of
the following areas: Biblical studies, historical
and theological studies, philosophy of religion
and ethics, and non-Western religions. Com-
petency in the religious studies major will be
determined by successful completion of all
courses and a comprehensive exam or thesis.
Directed and independent study courses may
be taken toward fulfillment of this major.

For a minor in religious studies a student must
take five courses in the discipline, subject to
the approval of the discipline staff.
An interdisciplinary concentration in religious
education is also available. This concentration
will entail work in three academic areas: Bib-
lical and theological studies; psychology and
counseling studies; and education studies. This
concentration should appeal especially to stu-
dents contemplating professional careers with
church and synagogue, and to students who
wish to work as lay people in rehgious insti-
tutions.

REC/L 20 IS Introduction to Religious
Studies

Religious experience and ideas as they are
expressed in such cultural forms as commu-
nity, ritual, myth, doctrine, ethics, scripture
and art; synthesizing personal religious ideas
and values.

REL 203C Old Testament Judaism

Prof Stanley Chesnut

The culture of ancient Israel, precursor to
modern Judaism, through a survey of Hebrew
literature of the Old Testament period.

REL 204C New Testament Christianity

Prof Stanley Chesnut

An introduction to the world of early Chris-
tianity, with its Hebraic Greco-Roman back-
ground, through a survey of Christian literature
of the first two centuries C.E.

REL 210 Introduction to Christian Ethics

Prof David Bryant

Some major figures in the history of Christian
ethics, with most emphasis on contemporary
approaches such as Barth, Niebuhr, Gustafson,
Fletcher, Ramsey, Dussell. Introduction to
some of most important issues and methods.

REC 220C Life and Death in Indian
Hindu Culture

Prof Gilbert Johnston

Traditional and modem Indian art, literature,
religious life, city and village life, and the pos-
sibility of a new secular industrial culture.

REL 22 IS Religion in America

(Directed Study available)

Prof David Bryant

The beliefs, behavior and institutions of Juda-
ism and Christianity in American life. The
uniqueness of the American religious exper-
ience and its impact on American institutional
patterns.

REC 240C Non- Western Religions

Prof Gilbert Johnston

The founders of non-Western reHgions, their
life experiences, religious views and the emer-
gence of their teachings as coherent systems,
with comparisons to the Judaeo- Christian
tradition.

Religious Studies

REL 241 Christ in History: The Evolution
of Christian Tradition

Prof. David Bryant

Beliefs, practices and institutions of the Chris-
tian Church through the past nineteen cen-
turies. The great theological debates, significant
issues, and formative thinkers.

REL 242C Archaeology of the Bible
(Directed Study available)

Prof. Stanley Chesnut

Archaeological methods, interpretation of
results of some of the most important "digs,"
and the importance of such study for under-
standing the Bible. Prerequisite: one college-
level course in Bible.

REC 242 The Buddhist Tradition

Fi-of Gilbert Johnston

Gautama's enlightmenment, the Noble Eight-
fold Path, development of Buddhist ideas and
practices as they spread from India to South
and East Asia, contrasting Western religious
views with those of another world religion.

REL 251 (Directed Study) Introduction
to the Old Testament

Prof Stanley Chesnut

The history, Uterature and religion of the Old
Testament, and the development of the Israel-
ite religion.

REL 252 (Directed Study) Introduction
to the New Testament

Prof Stanley Chesnut

The most important events and ideas of the
New Testament, and the origins and principles
of early Christianity.

REL 253 (Directed Study) The Life and
Teachings of Jesus

Prof Stanley Chesnut

The life and principle teachings of Jesus as
recorded in the Gospels of the New Testament,
reading from primary sources.

REL 280 Traces of God: Religion and
Contemporary Culture

Prof David Bryant

How the Christian faith and culture can and
should relate to each other. Christian faith and
politics, economics, science and technology,
the arts, literature and philosophy.

REL 329 Religion and Human
Liberation

Prof David Bryant

The growth of Latin American, black, feminist,
and European political liberation theologies
from earlier forms of theology, their develop-
ment and contribution to the wider theology,
and responses to them.

REL 330 Human Nature and Destiny: A
Theological Inquiry

Prof David Bryant

Study a major theme associated with Christian
understandings of the nature of human life,
the relationship between the individual and
society, historicity, purposiveness of human
life, relationship between humans and nature.

REL 342 A Literature of the Bible

Prof Stanley Chesnut

The poetry, prophecy, law, drama, short story,
proverbs, parables and epistles in one of the
world's greatest collections of religious liter-
ature. Prerequisite: one college-level course in
Bible.

REC 343C Religions of China and Japan

Prof Gilbert Johnston

Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto and religions of
the modem age; changes in the face of mo-
dernization, Western pressure and seculari-
zation.

REL 361 20th Century Religious
Thought

In-depth survey of the major reUgious thinkers
of the 20th century including Barth, Bultmann,
Tillich, Niebuhr, Buber, Kung and Moltmann.

REC 370 The Zen Phenomenon

Prof Gilbert Johnston

The origins, development of thought, distinc-
tive practices, impact on Japanese culture,
and viability outside the Oriental context of
Zen.

REL 380 God and Self-Understanding

Prof David Bryant

The problem of knowing and talking about
God, the effect of the idea of God on under-
standing ourselves, and the development and
significance of the Christine doctrine of the
Trinity, historically and today.

Russian Studies

REC 386E The Human Environment:
Religious and Ethical Perspectives

Prof. Gilbert Johnston

The role of religious values in coping with such
environmental concerns as population, food
and energy shortages, natural resources deple-
tion, and pollution, along with alternate life
styles.

REL 401 Internship in Religious
Education

Supervised, field-based experience in church
work, with a minimum of 150 hours on-site
experience. Permission of instructor required.

REL 440 Biblical Theology

Prof. Stanley Chesnut

The central ideas and themes of the Old and
New Testaments as a means of moving inside
Jewish and Christian theological traditions.
Prerequisite: one college-level course in Bible.

REL 44 1 New Testament Perspectives on
Contemporary Issues

Prof Stanley Chesnut

Research seminar on ethical/ theological prin-
ciples in the New Testament on such issues as
sexuality, race, war, peace, revolution, non-
violence, poverty, environment, social justice,
church and state. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior
standing and 204 C.

REL 450 Religion and Imagination

Prof David Bryant

Philosophical and theological treatments of
imagination in religion and in all of life, their
implications for religion, faith and the role of
intellectual reflection in religion. Focus on
Christianity, but principles have broader im-
plications. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

RESIDENT ADVISER

CRA 305 Resident Adviser Internship

A year-long course for Resident Advisers at
Eckerd College, beginning in autumn term.
Communication, paraprofessional counseling,
crisis intervention, conflict resolution, leader-
ship training.

R.O.T.C.

See Military Science.

RUSSIAN STUDIES

The program in Russian studies integrates the
study of the Russian language with Russian
history, literature and contemporary Soviet
reality. Students must complete at least two
years of college level Russian, and finish five
courses dealing specifically with Russia: two
in Russian history, two in Russian Uterature,
and one in Soviet Area Studies. Each student
in this program must also choose a field of
specialization within Russian studies (usually
language, literature, history, or social studies)
consisting of at least four courses in addition
to those hsted above. When appropiiate, these
courses may be independent or directed stu-
dies, colloquia, and/or thesis preparation. All
students will have an oral examination covering
their entire program, in addition to the com-
prehensive exam in a field of specialization or
a thesis.

Requirements for the minor in Russian studies
include one year of Russian language and any
four courses in Russian studies.

RUG 101/2 Elementary Russian

Prof Vivian Parsons

Intensive drill in understanding, speaking,
reading and writing grammatical and conver-
sational patterns of modem Russian.

RUG 201/2 Intermediate Russian

Prof Vivian Parsons

Review and completion of basic Russian
grammar, and continued work on conversa-
tional skills. Prerequisite: 101/2.

RU/LIG 232 Russian Glassies in
Translation

Prof Vivian Parsons

Representative works of 1 9th century Russian
writers including Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol,
Goncharov, Turgenev, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.
Offered alternate years.

RU/LIG 234 Soviet Literature in
Translation

Prof Vivian Parsons

Literary and political factors in the develop-
ment of Soviet literature, studying Sholokhov,
Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn and other contem-
porary Soviet prose. Offered alternate years.

Sea Semester

The following two courses are taught in
Russian,

RUC 301 Introduction to Russian
Literature and Culture

Russian cultural heritage including a survey of
Russian literature from Pushkin to Solzhe-
nitsyn. Prerequisite: two years of college Rus-
sian. Offered alternate years.

RUC 302 Daily Life in Soviet Society

Family, education, youth organizations, eco-
nomic pursuits, mass media, leisure activities,
etc. Prerequisite: two years of college Russian.
Offered alternate years.

cue 283C Soviet Area Studies

For description see Cross-Cultural
Perspective.

For further courses see History, Philosophy,
Political Science and Cross-Cultural Per-
spectives.

SEA SEMESTER

An opportunity for qualified students to earn a
semester of credit in an academic, scientific
and practical experience leading to a realistic
understanding of the sea, sponsored by the
Sea Education Association, Inc. (S.E.A.).

Students spend the first half of the semester
(the six- week shore component) in Woods Hole,
Massachusetts, receiving instruction in ocean-
ography, nautical science and maritime studies.
They then go to sea for the second half of the
semester (the six-week sea component) for a
practical laboratory experience. The program
may be begun at any of six times during the
year. Eckerd College tuition and scholarship
aid often can be applied toward the cost of Sea
Semester and additional aid may be available
from S.E. A. For more information, contact the
Office of International Education and Off-
Campus Programs or Prof. John Ferguson.

Block credit for four courses is awarded for the
successful completion of the five topics Hsted
below. Students from any major may apply
and this satisfies the Environmental
Perspective requirement,

SMN 301 Oceanography

Survey of the characteristics and processes of
the global ocean. Prerequisite: one semester

of a college laboratory course in a physical or
biological science or its equivalent.

SMN 302 Maritime Studies

A multidisciplinary study of the history, litera-
ture and art of our maritime heritage, and the
political and economic problems of contem-
porary maritime affairs.

SMN 303 Nautical Science

Navigation, naval architecture, ship construc-
tion, marine engineering systems and the
physics of sail.

SMN 304 Practical Oceanography I
(Basic)

Shore component. Introduction to the tools
and techniques of the practicing oceanogra-
pher.

SMN 305 Practical Oceanography II
(Advanced)

Sea component Individually designed research
project; operation of the vessel.

SENIOR SEMINARS

Capstone Senior Seminars are offered within
the collegium of the student's major, focusing
on the search for solutions to important issues
that students are likely to confront during their
lifetimes. These seminars may be considered
as part of the student's major.

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE COLLEGIUM
ECB 410 Senior Seminar in Economics

For description see Economics.

MNB 410 Senior Seminar: Business
Policy and Strategic Management

For description see Management.

POB 410 Senior Seminar: The U.S. and
the Vietnam Experience

For description see Political Science.

PSB 410 Senior Seminar: History and
Systems

For description see Psychology.

Senior Seminars

SLB 410 Senior Seminar: History of
Social Thought

For description see Sociology.

CREATIVE ARTS COLLEGIUM

CRA 410 Creative Arts Senior Seminar

(Directed Study available by academic
petition)

Development of creativity from the beginning
notion to the final experience, drawing from
theatre, writing, art, music, education and
human development; social responsibility con-
trasted with individual freedom.

COMPARATIVE CULTURES
COLLEGIUM

cue 410 Senior Seminar in the Compar-
ative Cultures

World understanding through examination of
six different cultures. Cultural highlights and
problems with universal application, taught
by a team of six instructors through books,
films, and discussions.

FORD SCHOLARS SENIOR SEMINAR

FSS410 Ford Senior Scholars Colloquium

For description see Ford Apprentice Scholars
Program.

HONORS SENIOR SEMINAR
SSH 410 Senior Honors Seminar

A student-directed seminar focusing on both
common curriculum experiences and specific
policy and values issues related to the students'
individual discipUnes. A two-semester course
for one course credit.

LETTERS COLLEGIUM

LTL 410 Senior Seminar: A Search for
Common Ground

Examination from an interdisciplinary point
of view of the intellectual, political, cultural
and social changes in this century, and of the
attempts to formulate new paradigms of know-
ledge.

NATURAL SCIENCES COLLEGIUM

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

Students will receive one course credit for
participation in Junior and Senior year dis-

cipline seminars, and the joint collegium-wide
seminars during the Senior year, alternating
weekly between discipline and collegium-wide
meetings.

SOCIAL RELATIONS
PERSPECTIVE COURSES

Courses in this perspective are designed to
provide an organized perspective on some
aspect of human social behavior in order to
enhance the student's ability to function as an
effective, responsible and caring member of
society.

AML 306S American Myths, American
Values

AML 307 S Rebels with a Cause:
Radicals, Reactionaries and Reformers

AML 308S Becoming Visible: Sex,
Gender and American Culture

For descriptions see American Studies.

ANC 20 1 S The Anthropological |

Experience: Introduction to Anthropology

ANC 305S Culture and Personality

For descriptions see Anthropology.

BEB 368S Utopias

Prof. Tom Oherhofer

The value implications of Utopian systems.
Students read and discuss seven Utopian
works, form task groups to design components
of Utopian systems, and write papers on their
own individual Utopias.

CRA 387S Jung, Myth and Lifestyles '

Profs. Nancy Corson Carter and Thomas West
Interdisciplinary course combining literature,
personality theory and Jungian psychology,
presents to students psychological and lit-
erary theories of myth and explores how the
understanding of myth gives insights into
human nature.

CSN 210S Computers and Society \

For description see Computer Science.

ECB 281 S Principles of Microeconomics
ECB 282S Principles of Macroeconomics i
ECB 30 IS Human and Social Economics ^

For descriptions see Economics.

EDA 202S Development of the Child in
Society

EDA 205S Introduction to Peace Studies

EDA 328S The School: Locus of Culture
and Change

EDA 329S Great Teachers

EDA 334 S From Jefferson to Jane Addams

EDA 335 S Family, Church and School

For descriptions see Education.

HIL 216S Your Family in American
History

HIC 23 IS Revolutions in the Modern
World

HIL 26 IS Women and the Christian
Tradition

For descriptions see History.

HRA 269S Leisure and Lifestyles

HRA386S Ethical Issues and the Helping
Professions

For descriptions see Human Resources.

LI A 267 S Literature of Healing and Dying

For descriptions see Literature.

MNB/PLL 242 S Ethics in Management:
Theory and Practice

MNB 275S The Sex Role Revolution in
Management

MNB 32 IS Consumer Behavior and
Consumerism

For descriptions see Management.

PLL 241 S Ethics

PLL/MNB 242 S Ethics in Management:
Theory and Practice

For descriptions see Philosophy.

POL 102 S Introduction to American
National Government and Politics

POL 20 IS Civil Liberties

For descriptions see Political Science.

POL 30 1 S Beyond the Postwar Consensus:
British Politics in the 1980s

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

Sociology

PSB 101 S Introduction to Psychology
PSB 206S Personality and Adjustment
PSA 383S Psychology of Consciousness

For descriptions see Psychology.

REL 201 S Introduction to Religious
Studies

REL210S Introduction to Christian Ethics

REL 221 S Religion in America

For descriptions see Religious Studies.

SLB 101 S Introduction to Sociology
SLB 223S Social Problems

SLB 38 IS Racial and Cultural Relations

For descriptions see Sociology.

SOCIOLOGY

The required courses for the sociology major
are Introduction to Sociology, Statistical
Methods, Research Design, and The History
of Social Thought. In addition to these, each
student selects seven other sociology courses
in consultation with the Mentor.

BEB 260M Statistical Methods

For description see Statistics.

SLB lOlS Introduction to Sociology

Prof. William Winston

The study of degrees of agreement and dis-
agreement among groups, organizations, insti-
tutions, etc., which exist in society, and what
produces levels of agreement.

SLB 135 Self and Society

Prof. Michael Flaherty

Survey of classical and contemporary analyses
of relationship between human self-conscious-
ness and socialization. Each human being is
unique, but each's sense of self is shaped by
others. Prerequisite: 1018.

SLB 221 Juvenile Delinquency

Prof William Winston

Analyzing juvenile delinquency through exam-
ination of the collective nature of human be-
havior, the function of values and normative
patterns, and social conflict over values and
resources. Prerequisite: SLB lOlS or per-
mission of instructor.

Sociology

SLB 223S Social Problems

Prof. William Winston

A study of social problems defined as a devia-
tion from some social norm which is cherished
by the general population, and which consti-
tutes a threat to values. Prerequisite: SLB
10 IS or permission of instructor.

SLB 224 Criminology

Prof. Patrick Henry

The causes and consequences of crime, the
historical transition of ideas about crime, types
of crime such as street level, organized, cor-
porate, government; the measurement of crime
and criminal deterrence.

SLB 335 Social Interaction

Prof. Michael Flaherty
A seminar in the study of face-to- face behavior
in public places. The nature of deference and
demeanor, tension between individuality and
social structure, rules governing involvement,
normal appearances, and role distance. Pre-
requisite: SLB 235.

SLB 360 Research Design

Prof. Patrick Henry

The techniques and application of social
science research, critical evaluation of research
evidence, designing and administering a group
survey project. Prerequisite: BEB 260M.

SLB/HRA 225 Introduction to Social
Work

For description see Human Resources.

SLB 235 Deviance

Prof Michael Flaherty

A survey of sociological research on deviance,
including suicide, nudism, alcoholism, homo-
sexuality, mental illness, prostitution, child
abuse, drug addiction and rape. Prerequisite:
135.

SLB 324 Introduction to Criminal
Justice

T*rof Patrick Henry

Police, courts and corrections, criminal law,
public attitudes toward crime, discretionary
power of police, capital punishment, adjust-
ments after prison release. Prerequisite: SLB
224.

SLB 325 Community Field Experience

Prof. Patrick Henry

Students choose an internship in a community
serving agency such as health rehabilitation,
child and family services, legal services, special
education, working a minimum of ten hours a
week at the agency. Prerequisites: at least
Sophomore standing and permission of in-
structor.

SLB 326 The Family

Prof. Patrick Henry

Family roles such as children, men, women,
spouses, parents, kin examined. Ways in which
family and work life interact. Dynamic changes
in American family structure, and the modem
nuclear family.

SLB 370 Sociology of Sport

F^of. William Winston

Sport and competition and its effects, values
and morality. Sport as character builder, sport
and race, sex roles, children, colleges, law,
economics, politics, and future trends. Prereq-
uisite: SLB 10 IS or permission of instructor.

SLB 38 IS Racial and Cultural Relations

F^of. Patrick Henry

How racial and ethnic identity influence one's
chances for health, education, work and suc-
cess. Main focus is on black/white relations
since the end of slave trading. Prerequisite:
SLB lOlS.

SLB 409 Sociology of Social Structors

F^of. William Winston

Demography, stratification and religion studied
in order to prepare sociology students for the
GRE. Prerequisite: SLB 101 and Junior stand-
ing, permission of instructor.

SLB 410 Senior Seminar: History of
Social Thought

Prof William Winston

Concepts, approaches and orientations that
have played a part in shaping the nature of
sociology, and ideas during the 19th and 20th
centuries as sociology matured. Prerequisite:
SLB 10 IS and 360, or permission of instructor.

SLB 420 Sociology of Religion

Prof William Winston

The relationship between religion and society,
religions as social products that are created by
fundamentally similar processes in all cultures.
Prerequisite: SLB lOlS or permission of in-
structor.

Spanish

SLB 435 Social Construction of Reality

Prof. Michael Flaherty

The processes whereby "society" is manu-
factured such that it becomes a force external
to the dynamics which produced it. Primary
frameworks, the anchoring of activity, legiti-
mation, internalization, selective attention,
typification. Prerequisite: SLB 335.

SLB 471 Social Stratification

Prof. Michael Flaherty

Classical and contemporary analyses of social
inequality. How systems of inequality change,
social mobility, and the contrast between
structures of sociaUstic and capitalistic socie-
ties. Prerequisite: SLB lOlS.

SPANISH

A student may major in Spanish by success-
fully completing eight of the following courses:
Intermediate Spanish, Survey of Spanish Lit-
erature, Survey of Spanish American Liter-
ature, Modem Spanish Novel, Latin American
Novel, Modem Spanish Drama, Golden Age
Drama, Cervantes, Advanced Conversation,
and The Artistry of Federico Garcia Lorca.
Study abroad in the Junior year is strongly
recommended.

A minor in Spanish may be achieved by taking
five courses beyond the first year level.

SPC 101/2 Elementary Spanish

Intensive drill in understanding, speaking and
writing Spanish. Prerequisite for 102 is 101 or
permission of instructor.

SPC 201 Intermediate Spanish

Continuation of 101/2, with all work in Spanish.
Prerequisite: 101/2 or the equivalent, or per-
mission of instructor.

SPC 202 Intermediate Spanish

Literature as the basis for improving under-
standing, speaking, reading and writing Span-
ish. All work in Spanish. Prerequisite: 201 or
the equivalent.

SPC 250 (Directed Study) Practicum in
Spanish Teaching

Participants wall assist the instructor in con-
ducting drills, explanation of grammatical rules
and improvement of pronunciation for small
groups of beginning Spanish students.

SPC 301 Survey of Spanish Literature

Representative Spanish writers from all per-
iods and genres of literature. Prerequisite:
third-year proficiency in Spanish.

SPC 302 Survey of Spanish American
Literature

Work of Spanish American authors with em-
phasis on 19th and 20th centuries. Prereq-
uisite: third-year proficiency in Spanish.

SPC 401 The Modern Spanish Novel
(Directed Study available)

Major novels of Spanish writers from Gener-
acion del '98 to the present. Prerequisite: 302
or permission of instructor.

SPC 402 Spanish American Novel
(Directed Study available)

Selected works by Spanish American novelists
chronologically to give clear understanding of
developments in the New World. Prerequisite:
302 or permission of instructor.

SPC 403 Modern Spanish Drama

Works of best modern playwrights from Bena-
vente to the present. Prerequisite: 302 or
permission of instructor. Offered alternate
years.

SPC 404 Golden Age Drama

Reading and analyzing the most representa-
tive plays of the period, with all work in Spanish.
Prerequisite: 302 or permission of instructor.
Offered alternate years.

SPC 405 Cervantes

The life and works of Cervantes wdth critical
analysis of Don Quixote. All work in Spanish.
Prerequisite: 302 or permission of instructor.
Offered alternate years.

SPC 406 Advanced Spanish Conversation

Fluency, pronunciation, intonations, idioms,
colloquiaUsm through highly intensive prac-
tice. Prerequisite: 202 or its equivalent.

SP/LIC 450/1 (Directed Study) The
Artistry of Federico Garcia Lorca

Studying and analyzing the art forms engaged
in by Lorca, reading his major literature.
Prerequisite: 302 or permission of instructor.

Theatre

STATISTICS

BEB 260M Statistical Methods

Quantitative techniques for data analysis in
the behavioral sciences; univariate and bivar-
iate decription, and inference.

MAN 133 Statistics, an Introduction

For description see Mathematics.

Credit will be given to a student for only one of
the above courses, but not both.

THEATRE

The theatre program has two important func-
tions: to provide the serious and talented
theatre student with the theoretical, historical
and practical fundamentals of the field; and to
serve as a cultural resource for the college and
community. Therefore, anyone is encouraged
to join the creative efforts on-stage and back-
stage, whether student, staff or townsperson.

The academic requirements for theatre majors
are 12 courses in the area which will include
the following core program: The Human In-
strument, Basic Acting, Stagecraft, Theatre
Projects (two semesters), and History of Drama
(two semesters). Each student is expected to
concentrate on a major creative work as a Senior
project. Some time should be spent away from
campus on an apprenticeship in study at a
major theatre center (generally London), or on
a special summer program of participation in
the performance arts. The American Stage
Company is based in St. Petersburg and pro-
vides professional resources for the theatre
program.

THA 101 The Human Instrument

Prof. Andra Weddington

Exploration of the potentials for use of the
body, voice, movement, energy, sensory aware-
ness, mind, and psyche through a wide range
of exercises.

THA 102A The Living Theatre

Prof. Richard Rice

Overview of practical and aesthetic consider-
ations of the theatre arts, along with perfor-
mance and theatre technology. Class critiques
of dramatic productions on campus. Short
scenes performed in class.

THA/CRA Mass Communications

For description see Communications.

THA 202 Improvisation

Prof Andra Weddington

Introduction to basic techniques of improvi-
sation and theatre games. Should be viewed as
a "laboratory" course. Students will work with
techniques developed by Spolin, Chaiken,
Kock, Grotowski, Cohen, with emphasis on
controlled creativity. Permission of instructor
required.

THA/LIL 236/7 History of Drama

For description see Literature.

THA 250 (Directed Study) Video
Practicum

Prof Andra Weddington

Introduction to video camera and recording
equipment, basic composition of the video
picture, taping Uve action and performance,
and the capabilities of video as a medium.

THA 261 Stagecraft

Prof Siobhan Schantz

Basic principles and procedures for construct-
ing the stage picture. Theatre terms, use of
hand and power tools, set construction, scene
painting and stage lighting.

THA 262 Theatre in the Mass Media

Prof Andra Weddington

Viewing and discussing theatrical, filmed and
videotaped performances. Basic characteris-
tics of each, the extent of their interdependence
and particular problems of adaptation from
one form to another.

THA 263A Basic Acting

Prof. Andra Weddington

Development of basic tools of the actor through
reading, discussion, acting exercises and scene
work. Introduction to several approaches to
the craft of acting: Stanislavski, Cohen, Hagen,
Koch, Grotowski.

Theatre

THA 266 Theatre Projects

Laboratory experience in performance and
production. Completion of three units chosen
from: production (lights, publicity, costumes,
sound, scenery, props, makeup, management)
and performance (audition repertory, touring,
main-stage, studio, choreography).

THA 267 Musical Theatre Workshop

Prof. Richard Rice

History and performance technique of the
musical, America's unique contribution to
theatrical arts. Derivation and stylistic devel-
opment of the form; artistic aspects of per-
formance through laboratory production of
scenes.

THA 276 Dance I

An introduction to jazz emphasizing strength,
flexibility, and development of a movement
vocabulary. A study of dance history. Active
technique class, with performing opportunity.

THA 322A Communication Arts and
Persuasion

Prof. Richard Rice

The principles, values, forms and effects of
persuasive public communication. Film and
videotape examples. Experience in analysis,
reasoning, evidence and organization of the
persuasive speech.

TH/LIA 362A Film and Literature

For description see Literature.

THA 363 Ensemble Theatre

Prof Andra Weddington

Advanced work with improvisation and group-
theatre. Development of performable work
through improvisation. Introduction to per-
formance art. Should be viewed as a "labor-
atory" course. Permission of instructor re-
quired.

THA 366 Characterization and Scene
Study

Prof Andra Weddington

Character development, concentrating on role
analysis, motivation, inter-character relation-
ships, and incorporating improvisational re-
hearsal techniques. Participation in campus
production expected. Prerequisite: 263 or
permission of instructor.

THA 367 Theatre Internship

Supervised work in college, community and
professional theatre companies on internship
basis. One to four course credits, depending
on amount of time involved. Permission of in-
structor required.

THA 370 A Scenic Design

Prof Siobhan Schantz

Principles for creating the entire theatre envi-
ronment: scenery, lighting, and costume. The-
atre as art, the scenographic process, working
drawings, painting and lighting techniques.

THA 372 Directing

Prof Richard Rice

Study and practice of play-directing theories
and techniques: analysis of play, rehearsal
process, organizational procedures from script
to production. Productions provide menu for
Lunchbox Theatre Series. Prerequisite: 263
or equivalent experience.

THA 376 Dance II

Study of jazz plus an introduction to dance
composition. Active technique class, dance
composition projects, and performing oppor-
tunity. Prerequisites: Dance I or previous
experience and permission of instructor.

THA 377 Choreography

A study of dance composition beginning v^dth
basic elements of movement and culminating
in a student work. Performing opportunity.
Prerequisites: Dance 11, or previous experience
and permission of instructor.

THA 381A Seminar in Theatre: Theory
and Values

Prof Richard Rice

ReaUty, illusion, roleplaying, stereotypes,
scripting, motivation — terms used in thea-
trical practice and everyday life in our search
for understanding human behavior. Master-
pieces of drama reveal why their treatment of
the human condition enhances our value
systems.

Western Heritage

THA 450 (Directed Study) Alternative
Theatre

Prof. Andra Weddington

Exploration of major types of non-traditional
theatre forms of the past 30 years, and pro-
duction techniques appropriate to those
forms. Permission of instructor.

THA 473 Advanced Directing

Prof. Richard Rice

Develop a personal directing style to meet the
requirements of a given script, whether period
or modern piece. Each director prepares at
least two examples for an audience. Critique
discussions. Prerequisite: 372.

THA 461 Scenic Arts I: Costume Design

F^of Siobhan Schantz

The elements, design and construction of stage
costuming. The designer's role, costume per-
iods. Fabrics, sketching, rendering and re-
search. Each student will produce three major
designs.

THA 462 Scenic Arts H: Scene Design

Prof Siobhan Schantz

Play analysis and research for creating scenic
designs. Drawings, ground plans, renderings,
model making. Each student will produce three
major designs.

THA 463 Scenic Arts III: Lighting
Design

Prof Siobhan Schantz

Theory and practice of various styles of stage
lighting. Hanging and focussing instruments,
light plots, instrument and dimmer schedules.
Light boards, color media, electricity. Each
student will produce four major designs.

THA 466 Advanced Acting Styles

Prof. Andra Weddington

Greek, Roman, Medieval, Commedia, Shake-
spearean, Restoration, Naturalistic and Mo-
dem acting styles: movement, timing, language,
rhythm. Daily scene work, research in each
period, play readings, final performance in
each style. Prerequisite: 263 or consent of
instructor.

THA 467 Projects in Acting

Prof Andra Weddington
Performance of a major role in a full length
play, or of several smaller roles, accompanied
by an in-depth study of various tactics for
characterization, applicable to the role in
question. Prerequisite: 366 or 466, or per-
mission of instructor.

VISUAL ARTS

See Art.

WESTERN HERITAGE

WHF 181 Western Heritage I

The first course in general education intro-
duces values through the study of the Sumer-
ian, Greek, Roman and Medieval worlds, using
masterworks of Western civilization.

WHF 182 Western Heritage H

Exploring the Renaissance, the Enlighten-
ment, the 19th and 20th centuries, through
literature, the arts, scientific accomplish-
ments, and other major intellectual endeavors.

WHF/CUC 183C U.S. Area Studies

Open to international students only. A con-
temporary view of the U.S. and a limited sun'ey
of its past, size and diversity. Required for all
degree-seeking international students.

WHF 184 Western Heritage (Honors)

(Directed Study available by permission only)

The Freshman course for students in the
Honors Program. Students meet twice a week
for the academic year and are awarded a course
credit Admission is by application to the
Honors Program Director.

WINTER TERM PROJECTS

Descriptions of winter term projects are pub-
lished in a separate brochure.

WRITING WORKSHOP

See Creative Writing.

Autumn Term-Winter Term Projects

AUTUMN TERM PROJECTS FOR FRESHMEN

FOUNDATIONS COLLEGIUM

Autumn term is a three-week introduction to
college life for Freshmen, consisting of one
academic project, plus orientation, testing,
and registration. New students choose from
among fifteen or more courses offered by the
professors who thus become their Mentors
(advisors) and their Foundations instructors
for the Freshman year. Typical autumn term
offerings in recent years have included Women
and Fiction, Food in History, Geology of
Beaches, The Computer: Slave or Master,
Health Psychology, and The Sociology of Sex
Roles. See the autumn term brochure available
from Foundations or Admissions.

FDF 1 Living in the USA (especially for
international students)

Profs. Carolyn Johnston, Dudley DeGroot

Introduction to living in the U.S. and Florida,
analyzing everyday problems, college living,
comparative customs, systems, attitudes,
American literature, health care, police mat-
ters, sports, working, education, religion, poli-
tics, improving language skills. Resource peo-
ple, field trips. Daily journal, analytical papers,
final project reflecting autumn term exper-
iences.

WINTER TERM PROJECTS

Neither regular semester nor directed study
courses are taken as winter term projects. Off-
campus independent study projects may be
taken only by students above Freshman stand-
ing for whom the off-campus location is essen-
tial to the nature of the project itself.

Descriptions of winter term projects are pub-
lished in a separate brochure, available about
June 1 of each year. The winter term brochure
contains complete information on registration
and other procedures related to winter term.
Additions and corrections to the winter term
projects listing are published early in the fall
semester.

As an indication of the range of educational
opportunities available through Eckerd Col-
lege during the winter term, the following is a
list of project titles offered in the past.

On Campus: Theatre Production; Music in
the Twenty-First Century; Subcultures and
Deviance; Psychology and Medicine; Opera-

tion Enterprise (American Management As-
sociation); Management in the Year 2000;
Human Ecology; The Energy Problem: Now
and the Future; The Economics of Public
Issues; Speaking Russian; Developing Ex-
pository Writing; The South in American
History; The Art of Biography; The New
Religions; Perspectives on Violence; Florida's
Exotic Plant Life; The Basics of Color Photo-
graphy; Mathematical Modeling; Computer
Project; Chemistr>', The Environment and the
Future.

Off-Campus: Music in England; The Lively
Arts in London; Social Issues in Contemporary
Britain; English Science Fiction and Fantasy;
International Banking in the Caribbean (Cay-
man Islands); The Dry Tortugas Expedition
on the Brig Unicom; The Art and Architecture
of Renaissance Florence and Venice; Mexico:
Language and/or Culture; Shapes of the Land
of Enchantment (New Mexico).

CAMPUS AND STUDENT LIFE

At Eckerd, learning and standards are not
viewed as restricted to the classroom. The col-
lege cherishes the freedom that students exper-
ience in the college community and in the
choices they make concerning their own per-
sonal growth. At the same time, each student,
as a member of a Christian community of
learners, is expected to contribute to this com-
munity and to accept and live by its values and
standards: commitment to truth and excellence;
devotion to knowledge and understanding;
sensitivity to the rights and needs of others;
belief in the inherent worth of all human beings
and respect for human differences; contempt
for dishonesty, prejudice and destructiveness.
Just as Eckerd intends that its students shall

be competent givers throughout their lives,
it expects that giving shall be the hallmark of
behavior and relationships in college life. Just
as Eckerd seeks to provide each student with
opportunities for learning and excellence, each
student is expected to play a significant part in
the vitality and integrity of the college com-
munity.

As an expression of willingness to abide by
these standards every student upon entering
Eckerd College is expected to sign a promise
to uphold the statement of Shared Commit-
ment that guides student life on campus. For a
full decription of the Shared Commitment,
see page 4.

THE CITY

St. Petersburg is a vibrant city in its own right,
and St. Petersburg, Tampa, and Clearwater
together form a metropoHtan area of over one
million people with all the services and cultural
facilities of any area this size.

St. Petersburg and nearby cities offer art mu-
seums, symphony orchestras, and professional
theatre, in addition to road show engagements
of Broadway plays, rock concerts, circuses, ice
shows, and other attractions for a full range of
entertainment.

The St. Louis Cardinals and the New York
Mets baseball teams maintain headquarters
in St. Petersburg for spring training, and there
are major golf and tennis tournaments in the
area. Professional football fans can follow the
Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and professional soc-
cer fans, the Tampa Bay Rowdies.

Southern Ocean Racing Conference sailing
races are held every year, as well as many
regattas for sail and power boats. Fine public
beaches on the Gulf of Mexico are within bi-
cycling distance of the Eckerd College campus,
as are public golf courses.

St. Petersburg has a pleasant semi-tropical
cUmate with a normal average temperature of
73.5 degree F. and annual rainfall of 51.2
inches.

THE CAMPUS

Situated in a suburban area at the southwest
tip of the peninsula on which St. Petersburg is
located, Eckerd's campus is large and un-
crowded — 267 acres with over VA miles of
waterfront on Boca Ciega Bay and French-
man's Creek. There are three small lakes on
the campus, and the chapel is on an island in
one of them. The 64 air-conditioned buildings
were planned to provide a comfortable envi-
ronment for learning in the Florida climate.
Professors and students frequently forsake their

classrooms and gather outdoors in the sunshine
or under a pine tree's shade. Outdoor activities
are possible all year; cooler days during the
winter are not usually severe.

RESIDENTIAL LIFE

Eckerd College has seven residential complexes,
each consisting of four houses that accommo-
date 34-36 students. Most of the student resi-
dences overlook the water. Each house has a
student Resident Adviser who is available for
basic academic or personal counseling and is
generally responsible for the house operation.
Residence houses are self-governed.

STUDENT GOVERNMENT

Activities, projects, and programs developed
and financed in the student sector are managed
by the Eckerd College Organization of Students
(ECOS), whose membership consists of all
matriculating students, full and part-time, at
Eckerd. Each year, ECOS is responsible for the
allocation of student fees for extra-curricular
activities.

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Eckerd believes that student life should be as
full and rich as possible, both in the classroom
and outside it. We provide a broad range of
campus activities — and if you cannot find
something that suits your interests, we encour-
age you to start a new group of your own. Your
free time can be as interesting as you want to
make it.

BROWN HALL
COLLEGE CENTER

The College Center serves as the hub for recre-
ational and social activities. The facilities in-
clude a snack bar, gameroom, conversation
lounge, seven foot television, and Pub. The
College Center provides the opportunity for
student directed programs and committees to
develop activities and services for the Eckerd
community.

ENTERTAINMENT AND
CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

The College Program Series, jointly planned
by students, faculty and administration, is
designed to enhance the intellectual, religious
and cultural life of the college community
through bringing well known scholars, artists
and distinguished Americans to the campus
each semester.

The Student Activities Board sponsors movies,
coffee house programs, dances, and concerts
featuring local and nationally known artists,
and is a co- sponsor of the annual Black S3rm-
posium and Black History week. Films on topics
pertaining to the academic program are shown
regularly.

The music, art, and theatre disciplines sponsor
a number of events throughout the year. There
are student and faculty recitals, programs from
the concert choir and chamber ensemble,
exhibitions by student and faculty artists,
dance performances, and a series of plays
produced by the theatre workshops.

STUDENT PUBLICATIONS

Publications are funded by the Student Associ-
ation and fully controlled by the students
themselves. Student media include the Triton
Tribune, the student newspaper, WECR, the
campus radio station, ECK-TV, the campus
television station; Re- Visions, a magazine
published each semester, The Tethered Muse,
a literary magazine featuring artwork, prose,
and poetry by members of the entire campus
community; The Eck Book, the student hand-
book, and a year book.

ORGANIZATIONS AND CLUBS

If there is enough student interest to form a
club, one may easily be chartered. Organiza-
tions which have been student-initiated include
the Afro-American Society, Biology Club,
Circle K, College Bowl Society, International
Students, Roteract, Pre-Law Club, Alcohol
Awareness Club, Big Brothers/Big Sisters,
the Triton Sailing, Waterskiing and Boardsail-
ing Teams, and Athletic Boosters.

RELIGIOUS LIFE

The College Chaplain directs the Campus
Ministry Program, a joint effort of students,
faculty and staff. The program provides religious
activities in a Christian context and assists
individuals and groups of other reUgious per-
suasions to arrange their own activities. Worship
services, special speakers and emphasis weeks,
small group studies, service projects and fel-
lowship activities are provided through the
program. The Chaplain serves as minister to
students, faculty and staff, is available for
counseling or consultation, and works closely
with the Student Affairs staff to enhance the
quahty of campus life.

Regardless of your background, you are en-
couraged to explore matters of faith and
commitment as an integral part of your educa-
tional experience. We beheve that personal
growth and community life are significantly
strenghtened by encounter with the claims of
the Christian faith and the values of the Judaeo-
Christian tradition.

WATERFRONT PROGRAM

COUNSELING SERVICES

Eckerd's Waterfront Program, one of the Igirgest
collegiate watersports programs in the south-
eastern U.S., is one of the most exciting recrea-
tional opportunities on the campus. The facil-
ities, located on Frenchman's Creek, include
boathouse, support buildings, docks, ramp,
hoist, fishing, snorkeling, camping and water-
skiing equipment, a fleet of sailboats, canoes,
sailboards, and a Correct Craft Ski Nautique.
If you own a boat, you can arrange to store or
dock it here.

A unique feature of the Eckerd Waterfront is
the community member's ability to use the
facilities without membership in a formal club
or organization. There are, however, many clubs
and teams sponsored by the Waterfront for
those interested. The Triton Sailing Team
sails in sloop and single-hand competitions
against schools from Charlestown to Gainesville
in SAISA (the South Atlantic Inter-Collegiate
Sailing Association), while the Triton Board-
saiUng Team competes in regattas both in and
out of the collegiate circuit. Members of the
Triton Waterski Team compete in trick, slalom,
and jump events against schools throughout
the Southern Conference. The Watersports
Association is made up of students and staff
who have a variety of watersports interests;
recreational activities are planned throughout
the year.

One of the Waterfront's unique student organ-
izations is Eckerd College Search and Rescue
(EC-SAR) which is a highly trained group of
students and alumni who provide maritime
search and rescue services to the Tampa Bay
boating community. Working closely with the
U.S. Coast Guard and many local and state
agencies, members give a high level of dedica-
tion, skill and commitment to public service
and have received many national and local
awards and commendations.

Waterfront classes are offered throughout the
school year. Sailing classes are taught at all
levels on both small sloops and larger yachts.
Normal class offerings include beginning, inter-
mediate, and cruising sailing, boardsailing, and
scuba diving. Informal dockside instruction is
offered during the afternoons by waterfront
staff and volunteers.

There will be times during your college career
when you will want advice. For academic advice
the place to start is with your Mentor or with
any of your professors. You are welcome to
seek the counsel of any administrator in Student
Affairs or elsewhere. The CounseUng Center
provides both individual and group counseUng
for students who are experiencing personal
problems or would like to improve their level
of personal well-being. Counseling may provide
support for individual growth, improving skills
in handling relationships, and exploring stress
management techniques. The Counseling Center
is staffed with a psychologist capable of skilled
listening, understanding and assistance. For
further clarification of counseling services,
please refer to The Eck Book.

HEALTH SERVICES

Eckerd's medical service is directed by a physi-
cian who is at the Health Center two hours
every Monday through Friday. A registered
nurse is on duty 8 a.m. to midnight, Monday
through Friday. Medicines may be purchased

for minimal fees. Brief stays in the Health
Center may be arranged for minor illness;
otherwise community hospitals are used. The
college notifies parents when community hos-
pitalization is necessary.

All students must file an official health form as
part of the admissions procedure. Treatment
in the Health Center may not be available until
this form is received. Health insurance is pro-
vided for all students and is included in the
total comprehensive fee. The student health
policy includes maximum coverage of $3,000
for accidents only (which must be reported
within twenty days of the accident). It also
includes coverage for a $35 medical consultant
fee when ordered by the college physician.
The policy covered by total comprehensive
fees is for nine months only. Optional summer
coverage may be purchased for $5 additional,
paid by the student. An optional coverage for
sickness may be obtained by paying an addi-
tional fee. The amount of coverage and the
fees are subject to change.

faculty, live in the dorms, and tak with other
students.

The Afro- American Society helps plan a full
range of programs for its members and the
campus community, including Black History
Month and the Black Symposium. The office
of Minority Student Affairs is available to pro-
vide assistance for any special needs of minority
students.

DAY STUDENTS

Students who are married, are over 22 years of
age, or who live with their family are provided
with campus post office boxes to receive
communications. Opportunities for participa-
tion in campus sports, activities, cultural
events, and student government (ECOS), are
available to day students and are coordinated
and communicated by the Day Student Pro-
gram. All cars, motorcycles, and bicycles are
registered by the Physical Plant staff.

MINORITY STUDENTS

As evidence of its active commitment to recruit
and encourage minority students, Eckerd
supports a number of programs in this field.
Special weekend visits to the campus give
minority students who are considering Eckerd
College a chance to view the college, visit the

ATHLETICS FOR
MEN AND WOMEN

Eckerd College is a member of the National
Collegiate Athletic Association. Men play a
full intercollegiate schedule in baseball, basket-
ball, cross country, golf, soccer and tennis.
Women's intercollegiate sports include basket-
ball, cross country, golf, softball, tennis and
volleyball. Cross country and golf are co-educa-
tional sports. The college is a member of the
Sunshine State Conference, and both men and
women play NCAA Division 11 competition.

Intramural sports are organized as competition
among houses. Day students compete with
house teams. All students are eligible to par-
ticipate in the wide range of intramural activ-
ities, which include football, softball, soccer,
volleyball, basketball, tennis, billiards, table
tennis, street hockey, bowling and chess. In
addition, sports clubs may be organized around
swimming, sailing and canoeing. The McArthur
Physical Education Center houses locker
rooms, Physical Education faculty offices, two
basketball courts, a weight room, four badminton
courts, and three volleyball courts, a swimming
pool, and acreas of open space where you can
practice your golf swing. An exercise-fitness
course winds through the campus.

ADMISSION

Eckerd College seeks academically qualified
students of various backgrounds, national and
ethnic origins. Further, we seek students who
show evidence of being competent "givers"
and who therefore show promise for making
positive contributions to fellow members of
the Eckerd College community. When you
apply, we will look at your academic perfor-
mance in Uberal arts courses (mathematics,
science, social studies, language and literature,
creative arts). We will also consider your per-
formance on the college entrance examinations
(ACT or SAT). Students whose native lan-
guage is not English can choose to replace the
ACT or SAT with the TOEFL examination.
Achievement tests are not required but are
highly recommended. Your potential for per-
sonal and academic development is important
and in this respect we will look closely at your
personal essay, record of activities and recom-
mendations from your counselors or teachers.
Admissions decisions are made by the Admis-
sions and Scholarship Committee which in-
cludes faculty and students. Decisions are
made on a rolling basis beginning in October
and continuing through the academic year for
the following fall. Students considering mid-
year admission for either winter term (January)
or spring semester (February) are advised to
complete application procedures by Decem-
ber 1, Applicants for fall entry should complete
procedures by April 1.

FRESHMAN ADMISSION

High school Juniors and Seniors considering
Eckerd College should have taken a college
preparatory curriculum. Our preference is for
students who have taken four units of English,
three or more units each of mathematics,
sciences and social studies, and at least two
units of a foreign language. Although no single
criterion is used as a determinant for accep-
tance and we have no automatic "cutoff
points, the great majority of students who gain
admission to Eckerd College have a high
school average of B or better in their college
preparatory courses and have scored in the
top 25 percent of college-bound students
taking the ACT or SAT.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR FRESHMEN

1. Request application forms in Junior year
or early in Senior year from Dean of Ad-
missions.

2. Complete and return your appHcation to
the Dean of Admissions, with an apphcation
fee of $15 (non-refundable) at least two
months prior to the desired entrance date.
Students who are financially unable to pay
the $15 application fee will have the fee
waived upon request

3. Request the guidance department of the
secondary school from which you will be
graduated to send an academic transcript
and personal recommendation to: Dean of
Admission, Eckerd College, Box 12560,
St. Petersburg, Florida 33733.

4. Arrange to take the Scholastic Aptitude
Test, offered by the College Entrance
Examination Board or the ACT Test Bat-
tery, offered by the American College
Testing Program. Take your test in spring
of Junior year or early fall of Senior year.

TRANSFER ADMISSION

Eckerd College welcomes students from other
colleges, universities, junior and community
colleges that have earned full regional accred-
itation. Applicants are expected to be in good
standing at the institution last attended and
eligible to return to that institution.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR TRANSFER ADMISSION

1. Complete and return application form to
the Dean of Admissions with an apphca-
tion fee of $15 (non-refundable) at least
two months prior to the desired entrance
date (see calendar for various entry
points).

2. Request that official college transcripts be
sent to us from every college or university
you have attended.

3. Send us record of college entrance exams
(SAT or ACT).

4. Request a letter of recommendation from
one of your college professors. This may be
waived upon request for students who have
been out of college for several years.

5. U you have been out of high school for less
than two years, we will need a copy of your
high school transcript.

EVALUATION AND AWARDING
OF TRANSFER CREDIT

After you have been accepted for admission
your transcript will be forwarded to the College
Registrar for credit evaluation.

With regard to the transfer of credits from
other regionally accredited institutions, it is
the policy of Eckerd College to:

1. award block two-year credit to students
who have earned an Associate of Arts de-
gree with a cumulative grade point average
of at least 2.0; or

2. accept, for transfer students without As-
sociate of Arts degrees, only those appro-
priate courses in which grades of C or
higher were earned.

Therefore, all transfer students to Eckerd
College will have cumulative grade point aver-
ages of at least 2.0 in courses accepted from
other institutions toward an Eckerd College
degree. This policy statement covers practices
in both the residential college and the PEL
program.

AppUcants who have earned credits more than
five years ago, or whose earlier academic records
are unavailable or unusual are requested to
direct special inquiry to the Admissions Office.

PROCEDURES AFTER
ACCEPTANCE

All students who have been accepted for
admission are asked to deposit a $100 accep-
tance fee, within thirty days of acceptance or
within thirty days of a financial aid award. This
fee is refundable until May 1 for fall appli-
cants, but is not refundable for mid-year
applicants. Students who are accepted after
November 15 for mid-year entry or after
April 15 for fall entry will be expected to reply
within fifteen days of acceptance with a $100
non-refundable fee. The acceptance fee is
appUed toward tuition costs and credited to
the student's account.

A Student Information Form and a Health
Form are sent to all accepted students. The
Student Information Form should be returned
within two weeks of acceptance or should
accompany the acceptance fee. This form
enables us to begin planning for needs of the
entering class of residential and commuting
students.

The Health Form should be completed by
your personal physician and forwarded to the
Admissions Office prior to the enrollment
date.

EQUIVALENCY CERTIFICATES

Students who have not completed a high
school program but who have taken the General
Education Development (GED) examinations
may be considered for admission. In addition
to submitting GED test scores, students will
also need to supply ACT or SAT test results.

ADMISSIONS INTERVIEW

Students considering Eckerd College are
strongly urged to visit the campus and have an
interview with an admissions counselor. We
also encourage you to visit a class and meet
students and faculty members. An interview is
not a required procedure for admission but is
always a most beneficial step for you the stu-
dent, as well as for those of us who evaluate
your candidacy.

EARLY ADMISSIONS

Eckerd College admits students who wish to
enter college directly after their Junior year in
high school. In addition to regular application
procedures outlined above, early admission
candidates must submit a personal letter
explaining reasons for early admission; request
two letters of recommendation from an English
and a mathematics teacher, and come to campus
for an interview with an admissions counselor.

DEFERRED ADMISSION

A student who has been accepted for admission
for a given term may request to defer enroll-
ment for up to one year. Requests should be
addressed to the Dean of Admissions.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT

Eckerd College awards course credit on the
basis of scores on the Advanced Placement
examinations administered by the College
Entrance Examination Board. Students who
have obtained scores of four or five will auto-
matically be awarded credit. Scores of three
are recorded on the student's permanent tran-
script and are referred to the faculty of the
appropriate discipline for recommendations
concerning credit. Applicants who seek ad-
vanced placement should have examination
results sent to the Dean of Admissions.

COLLEGE LEVEL
EXAMINATION PROGRAM

Course credit will also be awarded on the basis
of scores received on the College Level Exam-
ination Program (CLEP). Credit is awarded
only for the following:

SCALED

SCORE FOR

MAXIMUM

AWARDING

SEMESTER

EXAMINATION

CREDIT

American Government

3.5 hours

American History I

3.5 hours

American History II

3.5 hours

Calculus

7.0 hours

College Algebra

3.5 hours

College Algebra-

Trigonometry

3.5 hours

Educational Psychology

3.5 hours

French

7.0 hours

General Biology

7.0 hours

General Chemistry

7.0 hours

General Psychology

3.5 hours

German

7.0 hours

Human Growth and

Development

3.5 hours

Introductory Accounting

3.5 hours

Introductory

Macroeconomics

3.5 hours

Introductory

Microeconomics

3.5 hours

Introductory Marketing

3.5 hours

Introductory Sociology

3.5 hours

Spanish

7.0 hours

Trigonometry

3.5 hours

Western Civilization I

3.5 hours

Western Civilization 11

3.5 hours

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT
ADMISSION

Eckerd College enrolls students from approx-
imately forty-five countries. Some are native
speakers of English; many are not. In all cases,
the Admissions and Scholarship Committee
gives special attention to the evaluation of
students who have completed their secondary
education abroad. Candidates whose native
language is not EngUsh should submit the
TOEFL scores in lieu of SAT or ACT scores.
Ordinarily international students will not be
admitted unless they score a minimum of 550
on the TOEFL exam and/or complete level
109 instruction in the EngUsh Language
Services (ELS) program.

APPUCATION PROCEDURE FOR
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

1. Complete and return the appHcation form
with an application fee of $ 1 5 (non- refund-
able) at least three months prior to the
desired entrance date.

2. Request that official secondary school re-
cords be sent to us. We will need to receive
an explanation of the grading system.

3. Transfer applicants should submit official
university records with an explanation of
the grading system.

4. Results of the Test of EngUsh as a Foreign
Language (TOEFL) for non-native stu-
dents of EngUsh should be submitted.
Others are urged to take SAT or ACT.

5. Complete a certified statement of financial
responsibility indicating that adequate
funds are available to cover educational
costs.

CLEP results should be sent to the Dean of
Admissions.

100

INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMAS

The following international diplomas are
accepted for consideration of admission with
advanced standing:

The General Certificate of Education of
the British Commonwealth. Students with
successful scores in "A" level examinations
may be considered for advanced placement.

The International Baccalaureate Diploma

may qualify a candidate for placement as a
Sophomore.

READMISSION OF STUDENTS

K you have previously enrolled at Eckerd
College and wish to return you should write or
call the Dean of Students office. It will not be
necessary for you to go through admission
procedures again. However, if you have been
enrolled at another college or university you
will need to submit a transcript of courses
taken there.

FINANCIAL AID

All students accepted for admission to Eckerd
College who are U.S. citizens or permanent
residents are eligible to receive aid if they
demonstrate financial need. For institutional
awards priority is given on the basis of grades,
test scores, recommendations, and special
talents. Most students receive an "aid
package" consisting of scholarship, grant,
loan, and campus employment. In many cases,
the financial aid package offered to a student
may reduce out-of-pocket tuition payment to
less than would be paid at a state college or
university. Eckerd College is almost always
able to help a student develop financial plans
that will make attendance possible.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR FINANCIAL AID

Decisions regarding financial assistance can
be made upon admission to the college, and
receipt of the necessary financial aid creden-
tials: Financial Aid Form (FAF) of the College
Scholarship Service or the Family Financial
Statement (FFS) of the American College
Testing Sei-vice.

Transfer students must submit a Financial
Aid Transcript from each prior school regard-
less of whether aid was received. The forms

may be obtained from the Eckerd College
Financial Aid office and must be returned
before an award may be released.

Any student who has resided in Florida for 24
consecutive months should complete and file
an application for a Florida Student Assistance
Grant. Application is made through the sub-
mission of the FFS or FAF by answering the
appropriate Florida questions.

Many of the sources of financial aid admin-
istered by Eckerd College are controlled by
governmental agencies external to the college.
Examples of programs of this type are Pell
Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportu-
nity Grants (SEOG), Florida Student Assist-
ance Grants (FSAG). Florida Tuition Voucher,
Guaranteed Student Loans, Perkins Loans
(foiTnerlv National Direct Student Loans), and
the College Work Study Program (CWSP). To
receive a current pamphlet concerning these
programs, write or contact the Office of Finan-
cial Aid, Eckerd College, P.O. Box 12560, St
Petersburg, Florida 33733 for the most current
information concerning these programs.

To be considered for any financial aid through
Eckerd College, whether the merit awards
Usted in this catalog or any other need-based
assistance from the college or federal and state
governments, it is necessary that you submit
an American College Testing Family Finan-
cial Statement (FFS) or the College Scholar-
ship Service Financial Aid Form (FAF). These
forms are available in the guidance department
of the school you are currently attending. It is
important to mail the FFS or FAF by Mai'ch 1.
Indicate on the form that a copy of the analysis
be sent to Eckerd College, check the appro-
priate boxes for Pell Grant and FSAG, and
include the fee as indicated.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR FINANCIAL AID
FOLLOWING READMISSION

When you apply to Eckerd College for readmis-
sion after a period of time away from the college,
you should contact the Financial Aid office to
determine your eligibility for all financial aid
programs.

If you previously received financial assistance
at Eckerd College or plan to apply for financial
aid prior to readmission, you will need to com-
plete the following steps:
1. Obtain a Financial Aid Transcript from
the Financial Aid office of each college you
have attended since leaving Eckerd College.

101

2. Ensure that your obligations for Guaran-
teed Student Loan or Perkins Loan pay-
ments are being met. If you leave Eckerd
College for one semester, you will probably
have permitted your six month grace period
to expire. Thereafter, you will have loan
pa>Tnents due which must be paid before
receiving assistance again on reentry.

3. You must enroll as a full-time student to
apply for a deferment (postponement) of
your student loan payments. During the
months you are not enrolled full time, in-
cluding summer, you will probably be re-
quired to make loan payments.

4. Obtain deferment form(s) from your len-
der( s) to submit to the Registrar at Eckerd
College. The Registrar will verify your
enrollment status to your lender(s). Defer-
ment forms must be requested and sub-
mitted at least annually.

FINANCIAL AID STANDARDS
OF SATISFACTORY PROGRESS

Most financial aid programs require specific
academic achievements for renewal as follows:

1. Institutional

2.0 Cumulative GPA:

Church and Campus Scholarship

Eckerd College Grant

Faculty Tuition Remission

Ministerial Courtesy

Special Talent
3.0 Cumulative GPA:

Eckerd College Honors

National Merit Special Honors

Presidential Scholarship

Selby Scholarship

2. Florida Programs

a. Florida Academic Scholars: 3.2 Cum.
GPA and 24 semester hours per year;
up to eight semesters

b. Florida College Career Work Experi-
ence Program: 2.0 Cum. GPA

c. Florida Student Assistance Grant: 2.0
Cum. GPA and 24 semester hours per
year; up to eight semesters.

d. Florida Tuition Voucher: 2.0 Cum.
GPA; and 24 semester hours per year;
up to eight semesters.

e. FloridaTeacher Scholarship Loan (for
students planning to become elemen-
tary and secondary school teachers):
2.0 Cum. GPA and 24 semester hours
per year; up to four semesters.

f. Florida "Chappie" James Teacher
Scholarship Program (for students

102

planning to become elementary and
secondary teachers): 3.0 Cum. GPA
and 24 semester hours per year; up to
eight semester hours,
g. Paul Douglas Teacher Scholarship
Programs: 3.0 Cum. GPA.

3. Federal Programs

Students who receive any Federal Title IV
aid for the first time after July 1, 1987
must maintain the following cumulative
GPA's to retain their federal assistance.
- 1.60 Cum. GPA if student has 58.5-89.9
completed credit hours (Junior status).
-1.80 Cum. GPA if student has 90 or more
completed credit hours (Senior status).

Federal Title IV aid programs to which
these standards apply include: Pell Grants,
Supplemental Educational Opportunity
Grants (SEOG), College Work-Study
(CWS), Perkins Loans (formerly National
Direct Student Loans), Guaranteed Stu-
dent Loans (GSL), PLUS Loans, Supple-
mental Loans for Students (SLS).

In addition, all financial aid recipients must
abide by Eckerd Colleges satisfactory aca-
demic progress standards to continue receiving
assistance. If you are placed on probation by
the Academic Review Committee you will
automatically be placed on financial aid pro-
bation, but may continue receiving assistance.
If you are dismissed by the Academic Review
Committee, you may no longer receive assis-
tance. Guidelines concerning probation, dis-
missal and reinstatement are outlined in this
catalog in the section entitled "Standards of
Satisfactory Academic Progress." Appeals to
financial aid probation and dismissal may be
addressed to the Financial Aid Appeals Com-
mittee which will act in consultation with the
Academic Review Committee.

ECKERD COLLEGE
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS

PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLARSHIPS

The Presidential Scholarships are a recognition
of outstanding merit without regard to finan-
cial need. Each year twenty-five Freshmen are
selected to receive scholarships ranging from
$6,000 -$8,000 per year. The scholarships are
renewable for a total of four years if the student
maintains a 3.0 grade point average. Selection
criteria for this award include academic achieve-
ment, creative talent and character. Applica-
tion deadline is March 1. A separate applica-
tion is required and is available on request

SPECIAL HONORS SCHOLARSHIPS

The Special Honors Scholarship Program
provides fifty full tuition awards to finalists
and semifinalists in the National Merit, National
Achievement, and National Hispanic Scholar-
ship Programs. The value of this award is in
excess of $9,500 per year, and in excess of
$38,000 for four years if the student maintains
a 3.0 grade point average. A student designated
a semifinalist in one of these programs should
make application for admission to Eckerd
College no later than March 1.

HONORS SCHOLARSHIPS

The Honors Scholarships seek to recognize the
forty most outstanding applicants for admis-
sion (Freshmen and transfers). Scholarship
finalists will be selected from among all ap-
plicants for admission without regard to fin-
ancial need. A student receiving an Honors
Scholarship may receive up to $5,000 yearly.
The scholarship is renewable if the student
maintains a 3.0 grade point average. No separate
application is required; however, for priority
consideration students should apply for ad-
mission no later than March 1.

SPECIAL TALENT SCHOLARSHIPS

The Special Talent Scholarships provide rec-
ognition and encouragement to students who
have excelled in a particular area of endeavor.
All students accepted for admission are eligible
to compete for these scholarships. Awards will
be made on the basis of outstanding talent or
achievement in any of the following areas:

1. Achievement in math, science, English,
social studies, behavioral sciences, for-
eign languages or any specific area of
academic pursuit.

2. Special talent in the creative arts —
music, theatre, art, writing, etc.

3. Special achievement in international
education, including participation in
AFS, YFU, or Rotary student exchange
programs.

4. Demonstrated leadership and service
in student, community or church organ-
izations.

5. Special talent in men's or women's ath-
letic competition.

Special Talent Scholarship winners may receive
up to $4,000 yearly. The scholarship is renew-
able for students with a 2.0 cumulative grade

point average following formal recommendation
by those qualified to evaluate the appropriate
special talent. No separate application is
required but for priority consideration students
should apply for admission prior to March 1
and submit the following:

1. Financial Aid Form (FAF), or Family
Financial Statement (FFS).

2. Letter of recommendation from teacher,
advisor or coach directly involved in
student's achievement area.

3. Additional materials the student wishes
to submit in support of his or her cre-
dentials.

CHURCH AND

CAMPUS SCHOLARSHIPS

The Church and Campus Scholarships are a
recognition of merit for fifty new Presbyterian
students per year who have been recom-
mended by their pastor and possess traits of
character, leadership and academic ability
which in the pastor's opinion demonstrate the
promise to become outstanding Christian cit-
izens — either as a lay person or a minister.
Students recommended by their pastor who
become recipients of a Church and Campus
Scholarship will receive a grant up to $2,400 to
be used during the Freshman year. The award
is renewable annually on the basis of demon-
strated academic, leadership and service
achievement, and a cumulative grade point
average of at least 2.0. This award is not based
on financial need. Scholarship winners may
apply for supplemental financial aid. More
scholarship details and nomination forms are
available on request.

ENDOWED SCHOLARSHIPS

Endowed scholarship funds have been estab-
lished by the gifts of those listed below or by
the gifts of others in their honor.
Elza Edwin and Gretchen R. Artman,
established in 1969.

Margaret S. Bach Memorial, established in
1984, awarded annually to an outstanding
student from Florida whose residence is in
Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa or Walton
counties.

Sherr>' Jo Byars, established in 1983,
memory of W. Frank and Jo Byars' daughter,
awarded annually to outstanding students
selected on the basis of academic ability,
leadership, and service.

103

Paul and Grace Creswell Memorial, estab-

Ushed in 1962.

Carl Peter Damm Memorial, established in

1963.

Betty Jane Dimmitt Memorial, established

in 1983, two scholarships awarded annually to

a Junior and Senior majoring in the fine arts.

Jack Eckerd, established in 1984.

Kennedy Eckerd Athletic, established in

1973, awarded annually to selected scholar

athletes.

Paul and Jane Edris Church and Campus,

established in 1985 by the First Presbyterian

Church of Daytona Beach, FL.

Robert B. Hamilton, established in 1959,

awarded annually to a student with financial

need.

Ben Hill Griffin, Jr., established in 1982,

five scholars named annually on the basis of

strong academic achievement and leadership

skills.

Al and Winnie Hodgson, established in

1986, awarded annually to students with
financial needs.

Home Federal Bank, established in 1983,
awarded annually to a Junior or Senior major-
ing in management.

Hope Presbyterian Church, estabhshed in
1962.

Lowery Howell Memorial, estabhshed in
1975.

Robert A. James Memorial, established in
1983, awarded annually to an incoming Fresh-
man with outstanding academic ability, leader-
ship skills, and exceptional performance in
either tennis, golf, or cross-country.
Howard M. Johnson, established in 1975,
awarded annually to outstanding needy stu-
dents.
Elaine R. Kinzer Memorial, established in

1987, awarded annually to students with fi-
nancial needs.

Max Klarin Memorial, estabhshed in 1985,
awarded annually to a student majoring in fine
arts.

Oscar Kreutz, established in 1984, awarded
annually to students who are members of First
Presbyterian Church, St. Petersburg.
Fanny Knistrom, established in 1974.
Al Lang and Katherine Fagen Lang, estab-
lished in 1959, partial scholarships awarded
annually to students from the St. Petersburg
area who show exceptional promise and dem-
onstrate financial need.
Margaret Fahl Lofstrand Memorial, estab-
hshed in 1976, awarded annually to outstand-
ing female students.

Frida B. Marx Memorial, established in
1984, annual award to student designated by
Delta Phi Alpha, German honorary fraternity,
for overseas study in Germany.
Emily A. and Albert W. Mathison, estab-
hshed in 1960, awarded annually on the basis
of academic achievement, character, and fi-
nancial need with preference given to students
from outside of Florida, including international
students.

Margaret Curry May, estabhshed in 1964.
Alfred McKethan, established in 1985, pro-
vides ten annual scholarships to outstanding
students, no more than three of whom are in
the same academic class, chosen on the basis
of academic performance. Christian character,
and evidence of leadership.
George F. and Asha W. McMillan, estab-
hshed in 1959, awarded annually to a pre-
ministerial student.

Glenn W. Morrison Memorial, established
in 1969, awarded annually to a music student
selected by the music discipline.
Dominick J. and Maude B. Potter, estab-
lished in 1978, awarded annually to outstanding
students from high schools in St Petersburg
who demonstrate financial need.
R.A. Ritter, established in 1968, awarded
annually to a son or daughter of an employee of
the Ritter Finance Company of Wyncote,
Pennsylvania; otherwise to a student from
Pennsylvania.

Kathleen Anne Rome, established in 1971,
awarded annually to science students on the
basis of scholastic aptitude, financial need,
and compassion for humanity.

104

Eugene Sitton, established in 1985, provides
annual scholarships for outstanding student
athletes.

Edna Sparling, estabUshed in 1976.
Frances Shaw Stavros, established 1987,
awarded annually on a competitive basis to
outstanding young students who are Florida
residents and children of employees having at
least five years continuous employment with
Better Business Forms, Better Business Sys-
tems, Inc., or Florida Progress Corporation.
Ruth and Robert Stevenson, established in
1967.

Thomas Presidential, established in 1973
by Mrs. Mildred Ferris, awarded annually on a
competitive basis to the 20 most outstanding
entering Freshmen.

William Bell Tippetts Memorial, established
in 1960.

J.J. Williams, Jr., estabUshed in 1959 by
Mr. and Mrs. J.J. WiUiams, Jr. to support
candidates for the Presbyterian ministry.
Kell and Mary Williams, established in
1985, awarded annually to an active and com-
mitted Christian student, with preference
given to a student preparing for full-time
Christian services.

Ross E. Wilson, estabUshed in 1974.
John W. Woodward Memorial, established
in 1967, awarded annually with preference
given to students from Gadsden County,
Florida.

Bruce R. Zemp Memorial Honors, estab-
Ushed in 1983, awarded annually in the Junior
year for two years to a student majoring in
management.

SCHOLARSHIPS SUPPORTED
BY ANNUAL GIFTS
AND GRANTS

Alumni, estabUshed in 1982 by contributions

from alumni, and aUocated by the Board of

Trustees for scholarship purposes.

Ebba Aim, estabUshed in 1985, provides

annual scholarships for Florida resident male

students interested in the study of medicine

with preference given to Dunedin and north

Pinellas county.

Ambrit Foundation, estabUshed in 1986, as

Isaly Klondike Scholarship Fund, provides

annual scholarship for students with financial

need.

Barnett Bank, established in 1985, provides

four annual scholarships with preference for

business or related programs with interest in

banking.

W. Paul Bateman, established in 1978, pro-
vides annual scholarships for outstanding
male students.

Benito Advertising Scholarship, estabUshed
in 1987, provides scholarship for a student
interested in advertising.
Class of 1984, established in 1984, annual
award to a senior with special consideration
given to campus leadership and service to the
coUege community.

Clearwater Central Catholic High School,
established in 1981, annual awards to out-
standing graduates of Central Catholic High
School in Clearwater, Florida, made possible
through gifts of an anonymous donor.
Conn Memorial Foundation, established in
1973, annual awards based upon character,
academic standing, and financial need.
E-Systems, estabUshed in 1987, provides
annual scholarships to a computer science major.
Equitable Mortgage Resources, estabUshed
in 1985, provides scholarships for students
with financial need.

Florida Foundation of Future Scientists,
awarded annually to the winners of the Florida
State Science and Engineering Fair who enroll
at Eckerd College.

FloridaNational Bank, established in 1986,
provides annual scholarships to students with
financial need.

Fotomat (Konishiroku Photo Industry)
International Education, established in
1987, awarded annually to a student studying
overseas.

Frueauff Foundation, established in 1985.
GTE provides annual scholarships to students
with financial need.

Goldome Bank, estabUshed in 1985, provides
annual scholarships to students with financial
need.

105

Hans Koch Memorial, established in 1985,
provides annual scholarships to a management
major.

NCNB National Bank, established in 1986,
provides annual scholarships for students
with financial need.

Paradyne Corporation International
Education, established in 1987, awarded
annually to a student studying overseas.
Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co., established in
1987, provides annual scholarships for stu-
dents with financial need.
Raymond James and Associates, established
in 1986, annual scholarships for students
majoring in business.

Rotary Club of West St. Petersburg, esta-
blished in 1973.

Saga, established in 1985, in memory of
Colleen Barry, Kristin Riley, and Stacey
Stamatiades, freshmen at Eckerd College who
lost their lives in an automobile accident in
1985.

Selby Foundation, established in 1968,
awarded annually to outstanding students
from the State of Florida, with preference
given to residents of Sarasota and Manatee
counties.

Milton Roy Sheen International Education,
established in 1988, awarded annually to a
student studying overseas.
Milton Roy Sheen Memorial, established in
1960, awarded annually with preference given
to sons or daughters of employees of the Milton
Roy Company.

George and Karla Sherboume, established
in 1986, provides grants to needy students,
with preference given to residents of Sarasota
county.

Tampa Bay Business International Edu-
cation, established in 1987, awarded annually
to a student studying overseas.
Tropicana Products, Inc. established in
1986, provides scholarships to students with
financial need.

ENDOWED LOAN FUNDS

Joseph C. Beck, established in 1987, pro-
vides loans to students with financial need.
Helen Harper Brown, established in 1988,
provides loans to students with financial need.

LOAN FUNDS SUPPORTED BY
ANNUAL GIFTS

Ben Hill Griffin, Jr., established in 1972,
provides loans to students with financial need.
Sidney N. Trockey, established in 1979, pro-
vides loan to a Jewish student based on aca-
demic performance and financial need.

106

GRANT PROGRAMS

Grants are non-repayable awards made to
students on the basis of specific criteria or
skills within the limits of demonstrated financial
need. Two important sources of grant funds
are the federal government and state govern-
ments.

PELL GRANTS

These grants are awarded from federal funds
by the Office of Education. Awards are based
upon need and range from approximately $200
to $2,200 depending on federal funding. Appli-
cation is made through the submission of the
FAF or FFS by checking the Pell box. The
student will receive the Pell Student Aid
Report at the student's home, and must submit
the Student Aid Report to the Eckerd College
Financial Aid office. The student's account
will then be credited for the amount of the
student's eligibility.

SUPPLEMENTAL
EDUCATIONAL
OPPORTUNITY GRANTS

These grants are awarded from federal funds
and administered by the college. They are
limited at Eckerd College to students with
exceptional financial need. Application is
made through the submission of the FAF or
FFS form.

OTHER SOURCES OF AID

SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS

Inquiries relating to Social Security benefits
should be directed to the student's local Social
Security Office. The Eckerd College Office of
the Registrar will submit enrollment certifi-
cates issued by the Social Security Administra-
tion for eligible students, providing the student
registers as full-time. It is the student's
responsibility to notify the Social Security
Administration when enrollment ceases
to be full-time.

VETERANS' BENEFITS

Eckerd College is approved for the education
and training of veterans, service members, and
dependents of veterans eligible for benefits
under the G.I. Bill. Students who may be eligible
for V.A. benefits are urged to contact their
local V.A. Office as soon as accepted by the
college, and must file an application for bene-
fits through the Eckerd College Office of the
Registrar. No certification can be made until
the application is on file. Since the first checks
each year are often delayed, it is advisable for
the veteran to be prepared to meet all expenses
for about two months. There are special V.A.
regulations regarding independent study, audit
course, standards of progress, special student
enrollment, dual enrollment in two schools,
and summer enrollment. It is the student's
responsibility to inquire concerning spe-
cial regulations and to report any change
in status which affects the rate of benefits.

FLORIDA STUDENT
ASSISTANCE GRANTS

The Florida Student Assistance Grants (FSAG)
are awarded on the basis of demonstrated
financial need to two-year residents of Florida
who attend college in the state. These grants
may range up to a maximum of $ 1 ,200, depend-
ing on the demonstrated need of the applicant
and the availability of funds. For renewal the
recipient must earn a 2.0 cumulative grade
point average and complete 24 credit hours
during the prior academic year. Application is
made through the submission of the FAF or
FFS by answering the Florida section and
enclosing the appropriate fee.

TUITION EQUALIZATION
VOUCHER

The Tuition Equalization Voucher program
was established by the State of Florida for
residents of the state who enroll in private
colleges or universities in Florida. The program
provides up to $1,100 per year regardless of
financial need to help defray the cost of tuition
at Eckerd College. To qualify, a student must
have resided in Florida for at least two years
and must maintain a 2.0 cumulative grade point
average and complete 24 credit hours during
the prior academic year. An application upon
enrollment must be submitted to the Financial
Aid office.

COLLEGE LEVEL ACADEMIC
SKILLS TEST

In order to be eligible to receive financial aid
as Juniors and Seniors under programs funded
by the State of Florida (Florida Student Assis-
tance Grants, Tuition EquaUzation Vouchers,
etc.), students who are Florida residents must
pass the College Level Academic Skills Test
(CLAST) by the end of the Sophomore year.
More detailed information about CLAST is
available from the Educational Assessment
office.

ECKERD COLLEGE GRANTS

These grants are available to students who
rank in the upper one-half of their graduating
class and demonstrate financial need. Achieve-
ment in various curricular and co-curricular
activities is considered. Special consideration
is given to the sons and daughters of Presby-
terian ministers or missionaries in recognition
of the institution's Presbyterian heritage and
relationships. Renewal of Eckerd College
Grants requires a 2.0 cumulative grade point
average.

LOAN PROGRAMS

Many families whose current income and
savings are not sufficient to finance college
expenditures borrow funds through low interest
educational loans to supplement their financing
plans.

GUARANTEED
STUDENT LOANS

Guaranteed student loans are available from
local banks and lending agencies. Depending
upon eligibility, students may borrow up to
$2,625 for Freshman and Sophomores and
$4,000 for Juniors and Seniors per year not to
exceed $17,250 in their undergraduate work
for educational expenses. Students must sub-
mit a FAF or FFS to establish eligibility. The
interest is eight percent for new borrowers,
and new borrowers have a six month grace
period following termination of at least half-
time school attendance before repayment must
begin. Withdrawal from college for one semester
will cause the six month grace period to lapse
and repayments to fall due. Repayment fol-
lowing the termination of the grace period will
be at least $50 per month and no longer than
ten years. Deferment from payment is allowed

107

for the return to school full-time or for other
specified conditions. Families interested in
the program should contact the Financial Aid
office or their local banker for a loan application
and current information. The processing of
guaranteed student loan applications requires
twelve to sixteen weeks.

PERKINS LOANS

The Perkins Loans, formerly the National
Direct Student Loan program, is administered
by the college from federal and college funds.
To qualify for a Perkins Loan, the student
must apply to the college and demonstrate
financial need. No interest will accrue until the
beginning ofthe repayment period, six months
following termination of at least half-time
school attendance. Interest charges during the
repayment period are only five percent per
year on the unpaid balance.

PLUS LOANS

Under this program parents may borrow up to
$4,000 per year to a total of $20,000 for each
child who is enrolled at least half-time. A sepa-
rate application is required for submission to
your lending institution. The interest rate is no
more than twelve percent and repayment
begins within sixty days of receipt of the pro-
ceeds of the loan. Parents of students who do
not qualify for the GSL because of family
income limitations usually qualify for the
PLUS Loan. Additional information and ap-
plications are available in the Financial Aid
office.

SLS LOANS

Independent students may borrow up to $4,000
per year to a total of $20,000. Unlike GSL
borrowers, SLS borrowers do not have to show
need. SLS borrowers usually must begin re-
payment within sixty days after the loan is
disbursed. The interest rate is no more than
twelve percent.

MONTHLY PAYMENT
PROGRAMS

Monthly payments may be arranged by the
family through one of four different companies.
Contact the Financial Aid office, Eckerd College
for current information.

INSTITUTIONAL LOANS

Eckerd College has limited loan funds avail-
able, usually for temporary emergency situa-
tions. For details, contact the Financial Aid
office.

CHURCH, CIVIC, AND
BUSINESS SCHOLARSHIPS

In many local communities, scholarships are
provided each year by various church, civic
and business organizations to children of
members, citizens, and employees. Students
are encouraged to seek private scholarships.
Information is available at your local library.

EMPLOYMENT

The Career Ser\aces office assists students in
fmding part-time employment on or off campus.
Preference is given to students who demon-
strate financial need. Campus employment
opportunities include work as a clerk or secre-
tary, a food service employee, a custodian or
maintenance worker, lifeguard, or a laboratory
assistant. Information on off-campus jobs is
available through the Career-Services office.

COLLEGE WORK-STUDY
PROGRAM

Students may qualify for this program on the
basis of need by submitting an FAF or FFS,
and may work on-campus seven to ten hours
per week.

108

FLORIDA COLLEGE CAREER
WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM

A student who is a Florida resident enrolled
full-time and who demonstrates need may
qualify for this work program. Jobs are avail-
able off campus and must be career related.
Wages and hours may vary; the State of Florida
will reimburse the student's employer for fifty
percent of the wages. The Career Services
office will assist with placement and with the
completion of a special contract.

RENEWAL CRITERIA

Financial aid to a student at Eckerd College
may be renewable on an annual basis. All
Eckerd College grants and most aid from other
sources require a minimum cumulative grade
point average of 2.0 for renewal. A need analy-
sis must be completed each year prior to
March 1 for the following academic year. All
students who are eligible to return for a sub-
sequent year (except international students
requiring 1-20 forms) are eligible for consider-
ation for need-based financial aid. Awards
from all sources may vary from year to year
based upon criteria established by the college
and other private or public agencies. Appeals
for financial aid awards may be made in writing
to the Financial Aid Appeals Committee.

EXPENSES

Eckerd College is a private, non-tax-supported
institution. Tuition and fees pay only a portion
(approximately 62 percent) of the educational
costs per student. Thanks to the support of
donors, the balance of costs is paid from
endowment income and gifts from individuals,
the Presbyterian Churches, and various cor-
porations.

The following schedules list the principal
expenses and regulations concerning the pay-
ment of fees for the academic year 1988-89.
All fees and expenses listed below are those in
effect at the time of publication of the catalog.
They are subject to change by the action of the
Board of Trustees. When such changes are
made, notice will be given as far in advance as
possible.

COMPREHENSIVE CHARGES

The annual fees for full-time students for the
1988-89 academic year include two semesters
and one short term (autumn term for Fresh-
men, winter term for upperclass students).

Resident Commuter

Tuition $ 9,730i $ 9,730

Room and Board 3.0302

Total

$12,760 $ 9.730

'The full-time tuition fees cover a maximum of ten (10)
course registrations plu.s one short term during the aca-
demic year provided that no more than five courses are
taken per semester. Students registering for more than
five courses per semester or ten courses per year plus a
short term course will be charged an additional tuition of
$1,080 per course. A student registering for a year-long
course may register for six courses in one semester and
four in the other with no additional charges.

'■^Students with home addresses outside the immediate
vicinity of the college are requested to live on campus.
Exceptions to the requirement may be made with the
approval of the Director of Housing. Since resident students
are required to participate in the board plan, all resident
students will be charged for both room and board.

A Students' Organization Fee of approximately
$ 1 1 5 per academic year is collected in addition
to the above charges. Cost of books and supplies
will be approximately $400.

TUITION AND TERM FEES

Tuition (full-time) per semester: $4,325

Tuition, autumn or winter term: $1,080

Students' Organization Fee, per year: $ 110

ROOM AND BOARD

Fall and

Room

short term

Spring

Double occupancy, each

$ 720

$ 560

Double room

single occupancy

1,440

1,120

Single room

1,030

740

Base room rate (.$720 and $560) has been included
in Comprehensive Charges. Charges above the base
rate for single occupancy of double room or for
single room will be added to Comprehensive
Charges.

Room Damage Deposit: $27.00 This deposit is
required in anticipation of any damage which may
be done to a dormitory room. If damage is in excess
of the deposit, the balance will be charged to the
student's account. Any balance left of the deposit
will be refunded to the student upon lea\dng col-
lege.

109

Board

21 meal plan:
15 meal plan:
10 meal plan:

Fall and

short term Spring

$980 $770

895 705

790 625

FEE FOR PART-TIME
STUDENTS

Tuition per course: $1,080

Students are considered part-time when they
enroll for fewer than three courses per
semester.

OVERLOAD FEE

Tuition per course:

$1,080

Fee for students enrolling in more than five
courses per semester or ten courses per year
plus a short term.

hensive charges). This may be purchased
without health insurance.

Application Fee (new students): $15.

This fee accompanies the application for
admission submitted by new students.

Credit by Examination Fee: $535.

A fee for an examination to determine pro-
ficiency in a particular subject to receive
course credit.

Health Insurance (optional): to be announced

Full twelve months of health insurance is
available to all students upon completion of
forms. The full twelve months of accident
insurance is mandatory for all students
desiring health insurance and is included in
this fee.

Lost Key Fee: $40.

Resident students are issued keys to their rooms.
The fee for replacing a lost key is $40.

AUDITOR'S FEE

Tuition per course $270

(no credit or evaluation)
Full-time students may audit courses without
fee with the permission of the instructor.

FEES FOR SPECIAL PRIVILEGE

Late payment after registration day:

Amount of
Unpaid Fees If Paid Late Charge

0-$100 Within 30 days after

registration day

0-$100 After 30 days from

registration day $50

$101-$1,000 After registration day $50

Over $1,000 After registration day $100

Late preregistration $30.

Late physical examination (for new students who have not had

physical examination by registration day): $50.

MISCELLANEOUS FEES

Acceptance Fee (new students): $100.

A fee required of new students upon accept-
ance by Eckerd College. This fee is not
refundable and will be applied against the
comprehensive charge.

Accident Insurance (optional): to be an-
nounced.

An extension of accident insurance to 12
months (nine months is included in compre-

110

Orientation Fee (Freshmen only): $40.

This fee partially covers the additional cost of
special orientation activities provided for
Freshmen.

Readmission Fee: $25.

This fee is required for each student returning
for the succeeding academic year in order to
hold the student's place in the next entering
class and to reserve a room for each resident
student. The fee will be applied against the
comprehensive charge.

Re-Examination Fee: $135.

A fee for a re-examination of course material.
Transcript Fee: $2.

After an initial free transcript there is a $2
charge per transcript.

Transfer Students Orientation Fee: $10.

Applied Music Fees:

These fees apply even though music lessons
are not taken for credit, and are fees in addition
to regular tuition charges.

Semester Year

One hour per week $362 $724

One half hour per week $168 $336

STUDENT INSURANCE

Each full-time student is automatically covered
by group accident insurance for the academic
year (nine months) at no additional cost to the
parents of the student. An extension of this
accident insurance to cover the additional
three-month period of the summer is available
at a premium to be announced. An optional
health-sickness policy is available, which would
cover a twelve-month period. However, if the
health-sickness policy is subscribed to for the
period, it is compulsory to subscribe to the
accident extension insurance for the additional
summer three months at a fee to be announced
for the combination. This is strongly recom-
mended for all students and required for
international students. The intent of this
coverage is to supplement student's family
policy coverage. Parents are advised to check
any off-premise coverage for fire or theft that
may be provided under their own policies.

HEALTH AND ACCIDENT
INSURANCE FOR
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Occasionally international students, while
studying at Eckerd College, will require medi-
cal attention through local doctors, hospitals
and clinics. To protect our international stu-
dents from large medical bills while they are
students at Eckerd, we require that all inter-
national students subscribe to a Health and
Accident Insurance Policy. The cost of this
insurance policy is $95 per year.* The cost will
be added to the college bill of the international
student, and will be due and payable at the
time of registration at Eckerd College. The
coverage available through this policy protects
the student for the full twelve months of the
calendar year. The policy premium must be
paid at registration for the first term at which
the student arrives at Eckerd College, and
then at registration for each subsequent fall
semester.

*This amount is subject to change.

Ill

METHODS OF PAYMENT

Students should come prepared to pay all
charges on the day of registration or should
have payments from home mailed to reach the
Eckerd College business office at least two
weeks prior to the date of registration. No
student shall be permitted to register for a
given semester until all indebtedness for prior
terms has been paid in full.

Students who have unpaid bills at the college
are subject to dismissal from the college and,
as long as such payments remain unpaid, may
not receive transcripts of credit or any diploma.
Eckerd College does not have a deferred
payment plan. Students desiring monthly pay-
ment plans must make arrangements through
one of the following companies.

American Management Services, Inc.
1110 Central Avenue
Pawtucket, Rhode Island 02861

Education Funds, Inc.
EFI — Fund Management Corporation
Presidential Plaza, Suite 3200
Chicago, Illinois 60601

Insured Tuition Payment Plan
Attention: R.L. Bounds, C.L.U.
1100 Universal Marion Building
21 West Church Street
Jacksonville, Florida 32202

The Tuition Plan, Inc.
Concord, New Hampshire 03301

All arrangements and contracts are made
directly between the parent and the tuition
financing company.

Room charges for resident students are not
refundable. Unused portion of meal tickets
will be refunded on a pro-rata basis.

Whenever a student is required to withdraw
because of unsatisfactory conduct, no refund
will be made.

No refunds will be made to withdrawing stu-
dents until the withdrawal process is com-
pleted.

WITHDRAWAL AND REFUND
OF AID TO FEDERAL AND
ECKERD COLLEGE FINANCIAL
AID ACCOUNTS

If a student's withdrawal from Eckerd College
results in cancelled charges of tuition, fees, or
meals and if financial aid has been used to pay
all or any portion of the charges, the federal
financial aid programs from which the funds
were awarded will be refunded first according
to federal regulations. Also, if a student with-
draws at any time during a semester, all Eckerd
College grants/scholarship funds will be re-
stored 100 percent to the college accounts.
The above poHcies may result in a financial
obligation. Also, each student on financial aid
withdrawal.

Each student who withdraws must contact
the Eckerd College Student Loan office to
finalize any institutional loan or financial
obligation. Also, each student on financial sid
who withdraws must contact the Financial Aid
office for a Guaranteed Student Loan or a
Supplemental Student Loan (SLS) exit inter-

POLICY ON REFUNDS

Students withdrawing within 25 days of the
first class of any semester for reasons approved
by the college will receive tuition refunds for
that semester as follows:

Within 7 days 75%

Within 15 days 50%

Within 25 days 25%

After 25 days no refund

Students withdrawing within 15 calendar days
of the first class day of any short term (autumn
term or winter term) will receive tuition refunds
for that term as follows:

Within 7 calendar days 50%

Within 15 calendar days 25%

After 15 davs no refund

112

113

THE FACULTY OF ECKERD COLLEGE

Faculty of the Collegium of
Behavioral Science

Jeffrey A. Howard

Chair, Behavioral Science Collegium

Associate Professor of Psychology

B.A., Valparaiso University

M.S., Ph.D., Kansas State University
Anthony R. Brunello

Assistant Professor of Political Science

B.A., University of California, Davis

M.S., Ph.D., University of Oregon
SaJvatore Capobianco

Associate Professor of Psychology

B.A., M.A., University of Kansas

Ph.D., Rutgers University
Mark H. Davis

Assistant Professor of Psychology

B.A., University of Iowa

Ph.D., University of Texas, Austin
Ted Dowd

Associate Professor of Management

and Finance

B.G.E., University of Nebraska

M.S.B.A., D.B.A,
The George Washington University
Michael G. Flaherty

Associate Professor of Sociology

B.A., M.A., University of South Florida

Ph.D., University of Illinois
Diana L. Fuguitt

Assistant Professor of Economics

B.A., Eckerd College

M.A., Ph.D., Rice University
Peter K. Hammerschmidt

Professor of Economics

B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Colorado State
University
James R, Harley

Professor of Physical Education

Director of Athletics

B.S., Georgia Teachers College

M.A., George Peabody College
John Patrick Henry

Associate Professor of Sociology

B.S., University of South Carolina

M.A., Ph.D., University
of Massachusetts
James M. MacDougall

Professor of Psychology

B.S., Highlands University,
New Mexico

M.A., Ph.D., Kansas State University
John P. Mayotte

Assistant Professor of Physical
Education

B.S., Castleton State College

M.S., College of St. Rose

M.A., University of South Florida
Jacqueline Nicholson

Assistant Professor of Marketing

B.S., Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania

M.B.A., Drexel University

Tom Oberhofer

Professor of Economics
B.S., Fordham University
M.A., Ph.D., Rutgers University
George S. Odiorne
The Harold D. Holder

Professor of Management and

Professor of Economics

B.S., Rutgers University

M.B.A., Ph.D., New York University
William Pyle

Professor of Management
Director of the Human Resource

Institute
B.B.A., University of Notre Dame
M.B.A.. Butler University
Ph.D., The University of Michigan
Edward I. Stevens
Associate Professor of

Management Information Systems
B.A., Davidson College
M. Div., Harvard Divinity School
Ph.D., Vanderbilt University
Hannah W. Stewart-Gambino
Assistant Professor of Political

Science
B.A., Converse College
M.A., Ph.D., Duke University
Robert B. Tebbs

Professor of Industrial and

Organizational Behavior
B.A., University of Colorado
M.A., Ph.D., University of Wyoming
William E. Winston

Associate Professor of Sociology
B.A., Central Washington University
M.A., Ph.D., Washington State

University

Faculty of the Collegium of
Comparative Cultures

Gilbert L. Johnston

Chair, Comparative Cultures

Collegium
Professor of Asian Studies

and Religion
B.A., Cornell University
M.Div., Princeton Theological

Seminary
Ph.D., Harvard University
Joseph M. Bearson
Associate Professor of Marketing and

International Business
B.A., Brandeis University
M.B.A., Columbia University
Frank M. Figueroa
Professor of Spanish and Hispanic Area

Studies
B.S., Seton Hall University
M.A., Ed.D., Columbia University

Teachers College
Kenneth E. Keeton

Professor of German Language and

Literature
B.A., Georgetown College
M.A., University of Kentucky
Ph.D., University of North Carolina

John W. Maclnnes

Assistant Professor of French

B.A., Ithaca College

Ph.D., Cornell University
Naveen K. Malhotra

Assistant Professor of Management and
Finance

M.B.A., University of Tampa
Brinda J. Mehta

Assistant Professor of French

B.A., Elphonstone College, Bombay

M.A., University of Bombay, India

Ph.D., Brown University
Vivian A. Parsons

Assistant Professor of Russian

B.A., Brandeis University

M.A.T., Harvard University
William H. Parsons

Professor of History
and Russian Studies

B.A., Grirmell College

M.A., Harvard University

Ph.D., Indiana University
Hendrick Serrie

Professor of Anthropology and
International Business

B.A., University of Wisconsin

M.A., Ph.D., Northwestern
University

Faculty of the Collegium of
Creative Arts

Molly K. Ransbury

Chair, Creative Arts Collegium

Professor of Education

B.S., M.S., State University of New
York

Ed.D., Indiana University
Albert Howard Carter, III

Professor of Comparative
Literature and Humanities

B.A., University of Chicago

M.A., Ph.D., University of Iowa
Nancy Corson Carter

Associate Professor of Humanities

B.A., Susqueharma University

M.A., Ph.D., University of Iowa
James G. Crane

Professor of Visual Arts

B.A., Albion College

M.A.. State University of Iowa

M.F.A., Michigan State University
Sarah K. Dean

Associate Professor of Human
Resources

B.A., Georgetown College

M.Re., Southern Baptist Theological
Seminan.'

M.A., George Peabody College

Ed.D., Nova University
Joan Osborn Epstein

Assistant Professor of Music

B.A., Smith College

M.M., Yale University School of Music

114

J. Peter Meinke

Professor of Literature

B.A., Hamilton College

M.A., University of Michigan

Ph.D., University of Minnesota
Richard A. Rice

Professor of Theatre

B.A., University of Denver

M.A., Columbia University

Ph.D., University of Utah
Margaret R. Rigg

Professor of Visual Arts

B.A., Florida State University

M. A., Presbyterian School of Christian
Education, Richmond
Arthur N. Skinner

Assistant Professor of \'isual Arts

B.A.. Eckerd College

M.V.A., Georgia State University
Marion Smith

Assistant Professor of Music

B. Mus., Xavier College

M.A., Washington State University

Ph.D., Washington University, St, Louis
Mark W. Smith

Professor of Human Resources

Dean of Students

B.A., M..A, Ph.D., Ohio State University
Claire A. Stiles

Assistant Professor of Human Resources

B.S., Rutgers University

M.A., Southwest Texas State University

Ph.D., University of Florida
KathrjTi J. Watson

Associate Professor of Education

Director of Teacher Education

B.A., Eckerd College

M.Ed., Ed.D., University of Florida
V. Sterling Watson

Associate Professor of Literature and
Creative Writing

B.A., Eckerd College

M.A., University of Florida
Andra H. Weddington

Assistant Professor of Theatre

B.A., The University of Kansas

M.A„ The University of North Carolina

M.F.A., The University of California,
Ir\-ine
J. Thomas West

Professor of Psychology and
Human Resources

B.S., Davidson College

M.A., University of North Carolina

Ph.D., Vanderbilt University
Robert W. Zuber, Jr.

Assistant Professor of Education

B.A. Oklahoma City University

M.Div., Yale University Divinity
School

Ed.D., Columbia University Teachers
College

Faculty of the Collegium of
Letters

Carolyn Johnston

Chair. Letters Collegium
Professor of American Studies
B.A.. Samford L'niversity
M.A., Ph.D., University of California

Jewel Spears Brooker
Professor of Literature
B.S., Stetson University
M.A., Ph.D.. University of Florida

David J. Bryant
Assistant Professor of Religious Studies
B.A., Harding College
M.A., .'\bilene Christian College
M.Div., Ph.D., Princeton Theological
Seminary

J. Stanley Chesnut

Professor of Humanities and Religion
B.A., University of Tulsa
M.Div., McCormick Theological

Seminary
M.A., Ph.D., Yale University

Julienne H. Empric
Professor of Literature
B.A. Nazareth College of Rochester
M.A., York University
Ph.D., University of Notre Dame

Bruce V. Foltz
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
B.A., Sonoma State University
M.A., Ph.D., Pennsylvania State
University

Judith M. Green
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
B.A., B.A., Michigan State University
M.A., Ph.D., University of Minnesota

Olivia H. Mclntyre
Assistant Professor of History
B.A., Louisiana State University
M.A., Ph.D., Stanford University

William F. McKee
Professor of History
B.A., College of Wooster
M.A., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin

George P. E. Meese
Director. Writing Excellence Program
Associate Professor of Rhetoric
B.A., Wittenberg University
M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicago

Peter A. Pav

Professor of Philosophy

B.A., Knox College

M.A.. Ph.D., Indiana University

Robert C. Wigton
Assistant Professor of Political Science
B.A., State University of New York,

Oswego
M.A., J.D., Ph.D., State University of
New York, Buffalo

Faculty of the Collegium of
Natural Sciences

John E. Reynolds, III

Chair. Natural Sciences Collegium

Associate Professor of Biology

B.A., Western Maryland College

M.S., Ph.D., Universitv of Miami
Wilbur F. Block

Professor of Phvsics

B.S.. M.S., Ph.D.,
Universitv of Florida
Harry W. Ellis

Chair, Foundations Collegium

Professor of Physics

B.S., Ph.D., Georgia Institute of
Technology
John C. Ferguson

Professor of Biology

B.A., Duke University

M.A., Ph.D., Cornell University
Mark B. Fishman

Assistant Professor of Computer Science

B.A., Temple University

M.A., University of Texas
Edmund L. Gallizzi

.4.s.socia(e Professor of Computer Science

B.Sc, University of Florida

M.Sc, Ph.D., University of
Southwestern Louisiana
David D. Grove

Assistant Professor of Chemistry

B.S., California State University,
San Diego

Ph.D., University of California,
Los Angeles
Sheila D. Hanes

Associate Professor of Biology

B.A., Baylor University

M.S., University of Illinois

Ph.D., Ohio University
Reggie L. Hudson

Associate Professor of Chemistry

B.A.. Pfeiffer College

Ph.D., University of Tennessee
C. David Jennings

Professor of Physical Oceanography

B.A., Northwest Nazarene College

M.S., Ph.D., Duke University
Gerald J. G. Junevicus

Assistant Professor of Mathematics

B. Sc. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

M.Sc, Ph.D., University of Victoria,
Canada
George W. Lofquist

Professor of Mathematics and
Computer Science

B.S., University of North Carolina

M.S., Ph.D., Louisiana State University
Billy H. Maddox

Professor of Mathematics

B.S., Troy State College

M.Ed., University of Florida

Ph.D., University of South Carolina
Robert C. Meacham

Professor of Mathematics

B.A., Southwestern at Memphis

Sc.M., Ph.D., Brown University

115

Richard W. Neithamer

Professor of Chemistry

B.A.. Allegheny College

Ph.D., Indiana University
William B. Roess

Professor of Biology

B.S., Blackburn College

Ph.D., Florida State University
William O. Sayre

Assistant Professor of Marine Geology

B.S., Western Washington University

Ph.D., University of Southhampton,
U.K.
Alan L. Soli

Assistant Professor of Chemistry

B.A., Augsburg College

M.S., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Joel C. Trexler

Assistant Professor of Biology

B.Sc, University of South Carolina

M.Sc, Ph.D., Florida State University
Walter O. Walker

Assistant Professor of Mathematics

B.S., Eckerd College

M.S., Ph.D., Clemson University

Foundations Collegium
Faculty

Harry W. Ellis

Foundations Collegium Chair
Natural Sciences Collegium
George P. E. Meese
Director, Writing Excellence Program
Letters Collegium

Library Faculty

Larry Hardesty

Director, Library Services
Associate Professor
B.A., M.S., Kearney State College
M.A., University of Wisconsin
M.S., Ph.D., Indiana University
Jamie A. Hastreiter
Systems Planning and Serials Librarian
Assistant Professor
B.A., The State University of

New York, Geneseo
M.L.S., Kent State University
David W. Henderson
Instructional Services and Collection

Development Librarian
Associate Professor
B.A.. University of Connecticut
M.S., Ohio University
M.S.L.S.. Florida State University

Intercollegiate
Athletics

James R. Harley

Director of Athletics

Professor of Physical Education

Cecilia D. Bloodworth

Coordinator, Women's Athletics
B.A., LaGrange College
M.Ed.. West Georgia College
John P. Mayotte

Head Baseball Coach
Assistant Professor
of Physical Education

EMERITI

Clark L. Allen

Professor Emeritus of Economics
Ph.D., Duke University
Clark H. Bouwman
Professor Emeritus of Sociology
Ph.D., New School for Social
Research
Richard R. Bredenberg
Professor Emeritus of Education
Ph.D., New York University
Burr C. Brundage
Professor Emeritus of History
Ph.D., University of Chicago
Alan W. Carlsten

Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies

and Speech Communications
M.Div., McCormick Theological
Seminary
Tennyson P. Chang

Professor Emeritus of Asian Studies
Ph.D., Georgetown University
Dudley E. DeGroot
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology
Ph.D., Ohio State University
Irving G. Foster
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Ph.D., University of Virginia
Henry E. Genz
Professor Emeritus of French Language

and Literature
Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University
Rejane P. Genz
Professor Emerita of French Language

and Literature
P.D., Laval University
Keith W. Irwin
Professor Emeritus of Philosophy
M.Div., Garrett Theological Seminary
E. Ashby Johnson
Professor Emeritus of Philosophy

and Religion
Th.D., Union Theological
Seminary, Virginia
William H. Kadel

President Emeritus .

Th.D., Union Theological
Seminary, Virginia
Anne A. Murphy
Professor Emerita of Political Science
Ph.D., University of North Carolina
Felix Rackow
Professor Emeritus of Political Science
Ph.D., Cornell University
George K. Reid
Professor Emeritus of Biology
Ph.D., University of Florida

Dudley E. South

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics

Ph.D., University of Michigan
Pedro N. Trakas

Professor Emeritus of Spanish

Ph.D., University of North Carolina

LittD., Wofford College
Ruth R. Trigg

Registrar Emerita

B.A., University of Kentucky
William E. Waters

Professor Emeritus of Music

M. A., College of William and Mary
William C. Wilbur

FYofessor Emeritus of History

Ph.D., Columbia University

ROBERT A. STAUB
OUTSTANDING TEACHERS

Awarded each year at Commencemei

1980 - William B. Roess

Professor of Biology

1981 - Julienne H. Empric

Professor of Literature

1982 - J. Thomas West

F^ofessor of Psychology and
Human Resources ;

1983 A. Howard Carter, III

Professor of Comparative Literat
and Humanities

1984 - Peter K. Hammerschmidt

Professor of Economics

1985 - Molly K. Ransbury

Professor of Education

1986 - John E. Reynolds, III

Associate Professor of Biology

1987 - James G. Crane

Fh-ofessor of Visual Arts

1988 - Tom Oberhofer

Professor of Economics

116

ADMINISTRATION

OFFICE OF THE
PRESIDENT

Peter H. Armacost

President

B.A., Denison University
Ph.D., University of Minnesota
David B. Cozad
Chaplain

B.A., Eckerd College
M.Div., Union Tehological

Seminary, Virginia
M.S. P., Florida State University
Joan B. Fry

Executive Assistant to the President
B.A., M.A., University of California

Berkeley
Bruce L. Robertson

Vice President, Church Relations

B.A., University of Florida

M.Div., Union Theological Seminary,

New York

OFFICE OF VICE
PRESIDENT AND
DEAN OF FACULTY

Uoyd W. Chapin

Vice President and Dean of Faculty

B.A., Davidson College

M.Div., Ph.D. Union Theological
Seminary, New York
Harry W. Ellis

Associate Dean of Faculty
for General Education

Professor of Physics
Sheila M. Johnston

Director. International Education
and Off-Campus Programs

M.A., Pennsylvania State University
K. Russell Kennedy

Registrar

B.S., Northeastern University

M.Ed., Suffolk University
Sharon Setterlind

Director of the Computer Center

B.A., Eckerd College
Sharon M. Stacy

Coordinator of Educational Assessment

B.A., Eckerd College

M.B.A., University of South Florida

OFFICE OF SPECIAL
PROGRAMS

James E. Deegan

Dean of Special Programs

B.S., State University
of New York, Buffalo

M.S., Ed.D., Indiana
University
Gerald Dreller

Associate Dean of Special Programs

Director, Program for Experienced
Learners

Assistant FYofessor of Modern
Languages

B.A., Trinity College

M.A., Ph.D., University of Illinois
Dana Cozad

Director, Life, Learning and Vocation

B.A., Eckerd College

M.S.W., Florida State University
Cheryl C. Gold

Coordinator. Summer Programs

B. A., City College of New York
Linda Blalock Johnston

Director of Marketing

B.A., University of Pennsylvania

M.A., Emerson College
William Pyle

Director of the Human Resource
Institute

Professor of Management

OFFICE OF COLLEGE
RELATIONS

Joan B. Fry

Director of College Relations
B.A., M.A., University of California
Berkeley
Patricia I. Baldwin

Director of Media Relations
Kathryn P. Rawson

Assistant to Director of College Relations
B.A., Eckerd College
Dennis Sercombe

Director of Publications
B.S., M.A., University of Florida
Ed.S., University of Virginia
TBA

Director. Alumni Relations and
The Annual Fund

OFFICE OF
DEVELOPMENT

Thomas R.Giddens

Vice President for Development

B.A., Beloit College

M.A., Indiana University

Ph.D., Beloit College
Samuel A. Banks

Director of Foundation Relations

B.A., Duke University

M.Div., Emory University

Ph.D., University of Chicago

D.Litt, College of Charleston
Margaret Brommelsiek

Assistant Director of Research

B.A., Eckerd College

M.S., Florida State University
Holly Hecht Duncan

Director of Major Gifts

B.A., Ohio University

M.A., Miami University
Carol Hardesty

Director of Records and Development
Computer Support Services

B.A., Kearney State College

M.A.T., DePauw University
Marcia Read

Director of Research
Gary W. Smith

Director of Corporate Relations

B.S., Fairmont State College

OFFICE OF
ADMISSIONS

Richard R. Hallin

Dean of Admissions

Associate Professor of Political Science

B.A.. Occidental College

B.A., M.A., Exeter College,
Oxford University, England

Ph.D., Columbia University
Kathy Sue Dunmire

Associate Dean of Admissions
and Coordinator of New Student
Financial Aid

B.A., Maryville College
Eric W. Boelkins

Assistant Dean of Admissions

B.A., Wake Forest University

M.Div., Vanderbilt University
Louise Hale

Admissions Counselor

B.A., Rollins College
Barbara Ward

Admissions Counselor

B.A., Rollins College
Margaret W. Morris

Director of Financial Aid

B.S., University of Arkansas

M.A., Wake Forest University
Robin Famiglietti

Assistant Director of Financial Aid

B.A., Wesleyan University

117

OFFICE OF
BUSINESS AFFAIRS

Harold M. May, CPA

Vice President for Finance
Alan W. Bunch, B.A.

Controller
Joanne DiBlasio

Director of Personnel
J.T. Tom Meiners

Director, Physical Plant and Services

OFFICE OF
STUDENT AFFAIRS

Mark W. Smith

Dean of Students

Professor of Human Resources

Ph.D., Ohio State University
Lillie M. Collins

Director of Minority and International
Student Affairs

B.A., University of South Florida
William C. Covert

Director. Waterfront Activities

ARC Instructor
Barbara J. Ely. R.N.

Director of Nursing Services
Susan Hopp

Associate Dean of Students

Director of Housing

M.A., Indiana University
R. Barry McDowell

Director of Campus Activities

M.S., Indiana University

M.S., Florida International
University
Lena Wilfalk

Director of Career Services

M.A., University of South Florida
TBA

Director of the Counseling Center

ACADEMY OF SENIOR
PROFESSIONALS

Arthur L. Peterson

Director

Professor of Political Science

B.A., Yale University

M.S.P.A., University of Southern

California
Ph.D., University of Minnesota

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Officers

Martha Rudy Wallace

Chairman
Gus A. Stavros

Vice Chairman
Peter H. Armacost

President
John W. Galbraith

Secretary'
Harold M. May

Treasurer
Joan B. Fry

Assistant Secretary

Trustees

Dr. Sherwood A. Anderson

Winter Park Presbyterian Church

Winter Park. Florida
Dr. Peter H. Armacost

President. Eckerd College

St. Petersburg, Florida
Dr. Alexander W. Astin

Higher Education Research Institute

Los Angeles. California
Mr. Leonard S. Bethards

Miami-Dade Community College

Miami. Florida
Mr. William Blackburn

Transmark USA Inc.

Tampa. Florida
Mr. James A. Christison

Christison Communities, Inc.

Clearwater. Florida
Mr. Ronald Coffin

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Miles Collier

Chairman and CEO
Collier Enterprises

Naples, Florida
The Rev. Thomas J. Gumming

Plantation United Presbyterian
Church

Plantation, Florida
Mr. Robert C. Decker

Robbins, Gaynor& Bronstein, PA.

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. David Eachus

Paine Webber

St. Petersburg. Florida
Dr. Willard F. Enteman

Rhode Island College

Providence. Rhode Island
Mr. David J. Fischer

SunTru-st Securities. Inc.

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. John W. Galbraith

The Templeton Fund

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. Royce Haiman

St. Petersburg. Florida

Mr. Kendrick Hardcastle, III

Hardcastle Industries
Tampa, Florida
The Rev. Lacy R. Harwell
Maximo Presbyterian Church
St. Petersburg, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Lee Henderson
Associate Consultants in Education
Tallahassee. Florida
The Rev. Dr. C. Thomas Hilton
First Presbyterian Church
Pompano Beach. Florida
Mr. Harold D. Holder

Holder Communications Corporation
Tampa. Florida
Mr. William R. Hough
William R. Hough and Co.
St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. J. Webster Hull

Chase Bank of Florida, N.A.
St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. Fred C. Jackson
American General Life Insurance Co.
Jacksonville. Florida
Mr. Thomas A. James
R. J. Financial Corporation
St. Petersburg. Florida
Dr. Althea H. Jenkins
New College of the

University of South Florida
Sarasota, Florida
Mr. Richard Jordan

Barnett Banks of Pinellas County
St. Petersburg. Florida
Dr. William H. Kadel
President Emeritus
Eckerd College
Lake City, Florida
Mrs. Jackie Kent

First Presbyterian Church
Pensacola. Florida
Dr. Warren Br>'an Martin
The Carnegie Foundation for the

Advancement of Teaching
Princeton. New Jersey
Mr. J. J. Parrish, Jr.
Jesse J. Parrish. Inc.
Titusville. Florida
Mr. E. Leslie Peter

Brandon. Florida
Dr. Jane Arbuckle Petro

Westchester County Medical Center
Valhalla. New York
Mr. Arthur J. Ranson, III
Attorney
Orlando. Florida
The Rev. Y. Jacqueline Rhoades
The South Florida Center for

Theological Studies
Coral Gables. Florida
Dr. Felix C. Robb

.Atlanta. Georgia
Mr. Maurice Rothman
Kane Furniture Co.
St. Petersburg, Florida

118

Mr. Johnson Savary

Attorney

Sarasota. Florida
Mr. Wyline Sayler

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Richard Schmidt

Milton Roy Company

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mrs. G. Ballard Simmons

Jacksonville. Florida
Mr. Harry K. Singletary, Jr.

Tallahassee. Florida
Mr. Les R. Smout

Jack Eckerd Corporation

Clearwater, Florida
Mr. William Starkey

GTE

Tampa. Florida
Mr. Gus A. Stavros

Better Business Forms, Inc.

Pinellas Park. Florida
Mr. James T. Swann, III

Cocoa. Florida
Mr. Stewart Turley

Jack Eckerd Corporation

Clearwater. Florida
Dr. Edward Uprichard

University of South Florida

Tampa. Florida
Mi-s. John P. Wallace

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. Thomas A. Watson

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. Stanley P. Whitcomb, Jr.

The Whitcomb Group, Inc.

Naples, Florida
Mrs. Jean Giles Wittner

Wittner Securities, Inc.

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. W.H. Zemp

Sl Petersburg, Florida

TRUSTEES EMERITI

The Rev. Dr. Harvard A. Anderson

Longwood, Florida
Mr. W.D. Bach

Pensacola, Florida
The Rev. Clem E. Bininger

Fort Lauderdale. Florida
Dr. Gordon W. Blackwell

Greenville, South Carolina
Mr. Charles Creighton

Fort Lauderdale. Florida
The Rev. Dr. John B. Dickson

Clearwater, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Paul M. Edris

Daytona Beach. Florida
Mrs. Mildred Ferris

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. Harrison W. Fox

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mrs. Charles G. Gambrell

New York, New York
Mr. Willard A. Gortner

Clearwater, Florida
Senator Ben Hill Griffin, Jr.

Frostproof, Florida
Mrs. Lorena C. Hannahs

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Frank M. Hubbard

Orlando, Florida
Mr. Stephen R. Kirby

St. Petersburg, Florida
Dr. Philip J. Lee

Tampa, Florida
Mr. E. Colin Lindsey

Tampa, Florida
Mr. Alfred A. McKethan

Brooksville, Florida
Mr. Elwyn L. Middleton

West Palm Beach, Florida
Mr. William F. O'Neill

Longboat Key, Florida
Mr. Douglas K. Porteus

Juno Beach, Florida
Mrs. Woodbury Ransom

Charlevoix, Michigan
Dr. Joseph H. Reason

Tallahassee, Florida
Dr. J. Wayne Reitz

Gainesville. Florida
Mr. Robert T. Sheen

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. John W. Sterchi

Orlando. Florida
Mr. William W. Upham

St. Petersburg Beach. Florida
Mr. David L. Wilt

Alexandria. Virgina

HONORARY TRUSTEES

Dr. Michael M. Bennett

St. Petersburg. Florida
Mr. Charles J. Bradshaw

Vero Beach. Florida
Mr. Frank Byars

Indian Shores. Florida
Mr. J. Leo Chapman

West Palm Beach. Florida
The Rev. Dr. Robert P. Douglass

Orlando, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Jack G. Hand

Jacksonville Beach. Florida
Mr. Benjamin G. Parks

Naples, Florida

It is the policy of Eckerd College not to discriminate on the basis of sex, age, handicap, religion,
creed, race or color, or national origin in its educational programs, activities, admissions, or
emplo.vTnent policies as required by Title IX of the 1972 education amendment and other federal
and state legislation. Inquiries regarding compliance with Title IX and other non-discriminatory
codes may be directed to Dr. Richard Hallin, Dean of Admissions, Eckerd College, St Petersburg,
Florida 33733 813/867-1166. Eckerd College is an equal opportunity employer.

119

INDEX (Courses and Programs are listed in italics.)

Academic Calendar 5

Academic Credit 20

Academic Exemption Petitions 16

Academic Minor 25

Academic Policies 16

Academic Program 5

Academic Progress Standards 22

Academy of Senior Professionals 15

Accounting 25

Accreditation 1

Administration 117

Admission 98

Early Admission 99

Equivalency Certificates 99

Freshman 98

International Students 100

Procedures after Acceptance 99

Transfer Students 98

Adult Education 14

Advanced Placement 100

Aesthetic Perspective Courses 25

Afro- American Society 97

American Studies 27

Anthropology 27

Area of Concentration/Major 19

ArmyROTC 12

Art 29

Athletics 97

Auditing Classes 23

Autumn Term 5,92

Behavioral Science, Collegium of 8

Biology 31

Board of Trustees 118

Business Administration 33

Calendar, Academic 5

Calendar of Events, 1988-89 122

Calendar of Events, 1989-90 123

Campus Life 93

Career-Service Program 14

CLAST 107

Chemistry 34

Co-Curricular Program 9

Co-Curricular Record 9

College Entrance Examinations 98

College Level Examination Program (CLE?) ... 100

Collegium Concept 6

Commitments of Eckerd College 2

Christian Values 2

Faculty to Students 2

General Education 2

Human Relationships 3

Individual Development 2

Integration of Liberal Arts and

Career Preparation 3

Pace-Setting Institution 3

Comparative Cultures, Collegium of 8

Comparative Literature 35

Composition 35

Comprehensive Examinations 17

Computation Competency Requirement 16

Computer Science 36

Costs 109

Counseling Services 96

Course and Major Descriptions 25

Course Requirements 20

Course Numbers and Letters Explanation 25

Creative Arts, Collegium of 8

Creative Writing 37

Credit, Academic 20

Cross-Cultural Perspective Courses 39

Cultural Activities and Entertainment 95

Dance 89

Day Students 97

Dean's List 23

Deferred Admissions 99

Degree Requirements, B.A 16

Degree Requirements, B.S 17

Demonstrated Proficiency 20

Directed Study 20

Directed Study Courses 40

Dismissal, Academic 22

Early Admission 99

Earth Sciences 46

East Asian Area Studies 41

Economics 41

Education 42

Elementary Education 43

Employment on Campus 108

Engineering Dual Degree Program 12

Entertainment and Cultural Activities 95

Environmental Perspective Courses 44

Environmental Studies 46

Examination, Comprehensive 17

Expenses 109

Experienced Learners, Program for 14

Extracurricular Activities Suspension 22

Faculty and Administration 114

Fees 110

Finance and Investments 46

Financial Aid 101

Academic Standards of

Satisfactory Progress 102

Employment 108

Grants 106

Loans 107

Renewals 109

Scholarships 102

Social Security Benefits 106

Veteran's Benefits 107

Withdrawal Refund 112

Foreign Language Competency Requirement ... 16

Foundations Collegium 7

French 46

General Education 6

Geography 47

German 48

Grade Reports 21

Grading System 21

Graduation Requirements 16

Grants 106

Health Form 97

Health Services 96

History 49

Honors at Graduation 23

Honors Program 17

Honor Societies 18

120

INDEX (Courses and Programs are listed in italics.)

Humanities 52

Human Resources 52

Human Resource Institute 11

Incomplete Grades 21

Independent Study 20

International Business 54

International Education 12

International Education Courses 55

International Students 13

International Student Admission 100

International Studies 57

Insurance Ill

Interview, Admission 99

Italy Offerings 56

Japanese 57

Judaeo - Christian Perspective Course 57

Leisure Services 52

Letters, Collegium of 8

Library 10

Linguistics 57

Literature 58

Loans 107

London Offerings 55

Major/ Area of Concentration Requirements .... 19

Major and Course Descriptions 25

Management 63

Marine Science 66

Marketing 67

Mathematics 68

Medical Technology 69

Mentors 5

Military Science 70

Minor, Academic 25

Minority Students 97

Modern Language 70

Music 70

Natural Sciences, Collegium of 8

Off- Campus Programs 13

Organizations and Clubs 95

Payment Methods 112

Personnel and Human Resources Management ... 72

Perspective Courses 16

Petitions, Academic Exemption 16

Philosophy 72

Philosophy/Religion 74

Physical Education 74

Physics 75

Policies, Academic 16

Political Science 76

Pre-Professional Programs 10

Probation, Academic 22

Program for Experienced Learners 14

Portuguese 78

Psychology 78

Readmission of Students 101

Refunds 112

Registration 23

Religious Life 95

Religion/Philosophy 74

Religious Studies/Religious Education 80

Requirements for Degree

Autumn Term 16

Comprehensive Examination/Thesis 17

Computation Competency 16

Foreign Language Competency 16

Major/ Area of Concentration 16

Perspective Courses 16

Residency 16

Senior Seminars 16

Transfer Students 17

Western Heritage 16

Winter Term 16

Writing Competency 16

Residency Requirement 16

Resident Adviser Internship 82

Room and Board 109

ROTC. Army 12

Russian Studies 82

St. Petersburg, the City 94

Satisfactory Academic Progress 22

Satisfactory Academic Progress for

Financial Aid 102

Scholarships 102

Sea Semester 13,83

Secondary Education 43

Semester Abroad 12

Senior Comprehensives, Theses, Projects 17

Senior Seminars 83

Social Relations Perspective Courses 84

Social Security Benefits 106

Sociology 85

Spanish 87

Special Academic Programs 10

Statistics 88

Student Activities 95

Student Government 94

Student Life 93

Student Publications 95

Summer Term 14

Teacher Education 1 1

Theatre 88

Theses, Senior 17

Transfer Admission 98

Transfer of Credit 99

Transfer Student Requirements 17

Tuition and Fees 109

Veteran's Benefits 107

Veteran's Benefits, Winter Term 6

Visual Arts 29

Waterfront Program 96

Western Heritage 16,90

Winter Term 6,92

Winter Term Abroad 12

Withdrawal and Financial Aid 112

Withdrawal from College 23

Withdrawal Grades 21

Writing Center 12

Writing Competency Requirement 16

Writing Workshop 3'^

Year Abroad 13

121

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 1988-89

AUTUMN TERM

Fri., Aug. 12
Sat, Aug. 13
Mon., Aug. 29

Thurs., Sept. 1
Fri., Sept. 2
Sat, Sept 3

FALL SEMESTER

Sun., Sept. 4
Tues., Sept 6

Wed., Sept 7
Wed., Sept 7
Thurs., Sept 15
Fri., Oct 14

Fri., Oct. 28

Mon.-Wed., Nov. 7-9

Thurs.-Fri.. Nov. 24-25
Fri., Dec. 9
Mon.-Fri., Dec. 12-16
Sat, Dec. 17

WINTER TERM

Tues., Jan. 3

Wed., Jan. 4
Thurs., Jan. 5

Thurs.-Fri., Jan. 26-27
Fri., Jan. 27

SPRING SEMESTER

Mon., Jan. 30

Tues., Jan. 31
Thurs., Feb. 9
Sat, Mar. 18
Tues., Mar. 28
Wed., Mar. 29
Fri., Mar. 31

Thurs., April 6
Tues.-Wed., April 11-12

Thurs.-Fri., April 13-14
Fri., May 12
Mon.-Fri., May 15-19
Sat., May 20
Sun., May 21
Mon., May 22

SUMMER TERM

June 5-July 28
June 5-June 30
July3-July28

Freshmen arrive. Financial clearance and registration before 3:00 p.m.

Autumn term begins

Completed Freshman preference sheets for fall semester courses are returned

to Registrar
Residence houses open at 9:00 a.m. for new students for fall semester
Orientation for new students
End of autumn term

Residence houses open to returning upperclass students at 9:00 a.m.
Registration and financial clearance for fall semester, returning and new

students
Fall semester begins at 8:00 a.m.
Opening Convocation, 1:30 p.m.
End of drop/add period for fall semester courses
All students fill our preference sheets for winter term and return them to

the Registrar
Last day to withdraw from fall semester courses with W grade, or change

from audit to credit
All students fill out preference sheets for spring semester courses and return

them to the Registrar
Thanksgiving holiday; no classes
Last day of classes
Examination period
Christmas recess begins. Residence houses close at noon

Residence houses reopen at 9:00 a.m. Financial clearance for all new
students. New student registation/orientation for winter term. Returning
students are not registered until they check in with Registrar

Winter term begins. All projects meet first day of winter term

Last day to enter winter term; end of drop/add period; last day to change

project or withdraw from winter term with W grade
First comprehensive examination period
Winter term ends

New and returning students arrive. New student orientation. Financial clearance \

and registration for spring semester, all students
Spring semester begins at 8:00 a.m.
End of drop/add period for spring semester courses
Spring recess begins. Residence houses close at 5:00 p.m.
Residence houses reopen at 9:00 a.m.
Classes resume at 8:00 a.m.
Last day to withdraw from spring semester courses with W grade, or change

from audit to credit
Mentor conferences and contracts for 1989-90
All students fill out preference sheets for fall semester courses, 1989 and

return them to the Registrar
Second comprehensive examination period
Last day of classes
Examination period
Baccalaureate ■

Commencement
Residence houses close at noon

Summer Term
Session A
Session B

122

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 1989-90

AUTUMN TERM

Fri., Aug. 11
Sat, Aug. 12
Mon., Aug. 28

Thurs., Aug. 31
Fri., Sept. 1
Sat., Sept. 2

FALL SEMESTER

Sun., Sept. 3
Tues., Sept. 5

Wed., Sept. 6
Wed., Sept. 6
Thurs., Sept. 14
Fri., Oct. 13

Fri., Oct. 27

Mon.-Wed., Nov. 6-8

Thurs.-Fri., Nov. 23-24
Fri., Dec. 8
Mon.-Fri., Dec. 11-15
Sat., Dec. 16

WINTER TERM

Tues., Jan. 2

Wed., Jan. 3
Thurs., Jan. 4

Thurs.-Fri., Jan. 25-26
Fri., Jan. 26

SPRING SEMESTER

Mon., Jan. 29

Tues., Jan. 30
Thurs., Feb. 8
Sat, Mar. 17
Mon., Mar. 26
Tues., Mar. 27
Fri., Mar. 30

Thurs., April 5
Tues.-Wed., April 10-11

Fri., April 13
Thurs.-Fri., April 20-21
Fri., May 11
Mon.-Fri., May 14-18
Sat, May 19
Sun., May 20
Mon., May 21

SUMMER TERM

June 4-July 27
June 4-June 29
July 2 -July 27

Freshmen arrive. Financial clearance and registration before 3:()() p.m.